Geología (trabajo de grado)
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Publicación Potencial de gas asociado al carbón en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-14) Riaza Cañola, Juan Esteban; Bustamante Londoño, CamiloCoalbed methane is an unconventional source of gas that has the potential to diversify Colombia's energy matrix. Given the current deficit and future estimates, this resource becomes key, with 7.5 trillion cubic feet of potentially recoverable gas. This study sought to establish whether coalbed methane is a solution to the country's energy deficit. The study focused on analyzing the theoretical basis and key parameters for characterizing coalbed methane reservoirs, then examining the international landscape and geological potential in Colombia. Regions such as Cesar, La Guajira, and Boyacá were identified as the most attractive due to their potential. Despite this, the sector faces major challenges and delays in achieving commercial production. Preliminary studies show undersaturation in the gas content of coal. In addition, there are challenges such as structural complexity, hydrogeological uncertainty, a shortage of specialized data, and a lack of clear regulations. With all this in mind, it is established that, although the potential of coalbed methane is not an immediate solution, it is a future possibility conditioned by deep exploration, detailed characterization of the deposits, and the resolution of technical and legal challenges.Publicación Interacción magmática durante la Petrogénesis del stock de Mariquita : evidencias petrográficas y texturales(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-11) Contreras Aguilar, Leidycarolina; Rojas Castañeda, Juan José; Bustamante Londoño, CamiloPublicación Determinación de la relación fluido–roca en sistemas geotermales : una revisión de modelos y su aplicabilidad en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-10) Fierro Molina, María Alejandra; Bustamante Londoño, CamiloPublicación Variabilidad morfológica del río Meta en los últimos 30 años : análisis multitemporal y morfodinámico fluvial(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-13) Lozano Chingaté, María Fernanda; Jaramillo Uribe, MarcelaPublicación Criterios geológicos y tecnologías emergentes en la viabilidad, exploración y evaluación de yacimientos a cielo abierto(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-12) Brun Mercado, Elías Camilo; Bustamante Londoño, CamiloMining development is moving toward more precise, sustainable, and technology-driven exploration and evaluation processes that optimize resource extraction. Within this framework, this study examines the main geological criteria that determine the feasibility of exploiting a deposit through open-pit mining, as well as the innovations transforming its analysis and management. Key factors are considered, including deposit geometry (shape, thickness, and orientation), depth and its effect on the waste-to-ore ratio, geomechanical stability of the rock mass, and ore grade (resource size and tenor). Operational aspects such as slope design, drainage, waste dumps, and environmental/social constraints are also analyzed. In the technological field, advances that increase precision and reduce uncertainty are highlighted: satellite and drone-based remote sensing, hyperspectral core scanning and digital core logging, 3D geological modeling with continuous updates, and open-pit planning with parametric designs that integrate geotechnical, cost, and environmental constraints. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning support the delineation of favorable zones, grade estimation, and optimization of mining phases and extraction sequences. In economic evaluation, Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic approaches allow quantifying Net Present Value (NPV) risk under geological and price variability. Finally, virtual and augmented reality enhance technical communication and spatial understanding of geological models. Overall, the integration of geological criteria with digital tools makes deposit evaluation a more precise, dynamic, and responsible process.Publicación Quantitative Analysis of Paleochannels of The Guayabo Formation (G6), Llanos Orientales, Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-10) Vergnaud Palacio, Benjamín; Cárdenas Rozo, Andrés LeonardoPublicación Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of pegmatites in the Triassic buey stock, Central Cordillera of Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-11) Orozco del Valle, Verónica; Escobar Zuluaga, Daniel; Siachoque Velandia, Astrid; Bustamante Londoño, Camilo; Sumicol S.A.S ACGGP Universidad EAFITPublicación Tierras raras durante el Campaniano-Maastrichtiano en el Valle Medio del Magdalena(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Arbeláez Gallo, Emilio José; Betancur Guerra, Simón; Cárdenas Rozo, Andrés LeonardoThis work determines the geological processes that enabled REE enrichment in the La Renta Formation and the base of the Umir Formation in the MMV. A high-resolution stratigraphic section was measured at the La Renta Formation neostratotype (Aguablanca Creek, Lebrija, Santander), complemented with petrography, XRD, XRF, and ICP-MS analyses. Results indicate that REE enrichment in the La Renta Formation occurs in phosphorites genetically related to storms (tempestites) in a mid-ramp environment under the influence of upwelling currents, where oceanic-diagenetic capture of REE by carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) resulted in HREE enrichment (La/Yb_N≈0.64). Ce/Ce* (0.46) and Y/Ho (58.3) ratios suggest that the primary source was a metallogenically enriched ocean due to Late Cretaceous submarine magmatism. On the other hand, in the Umir Formation, enrichment occurs in a basal conglomerate with total concentrations of ΣREE+Y≈700 ppm, enriched in HREE (La/Yb_N≈0.64) and displaying the diagnostic mineral sequence: glauconite-fluorapatite-pyrite-dolomite, produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. This finding reflects a second phosphogenic event in an environment distinct from the La Renta Formation, with more reducing conditions and greater terrigenous influence (Y/Ho=46.9, Eu/Eu*=1.08), which was subsequently eroded and accumulated in lenses over the Campanian–Maastrichtian unconformity. Consequently, REE contents in the La Renta Formation and the base of the Umir Formation result from prior oceanic enrichment controlled by distinct paleoenvironmental processes specific to each formation's depositional environment.Publicación Comparación de almacenamiento de CO₂ entre la Metaharzburgita de Medellín y un campo de petróleo agotado en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Molina Valenzuela, Sergio; Avellaneda Jiménez, David SantiagoPublicación Distribución espacial de corrientes de densidad piroclástica ante la eventual erupción del volcán Paramillo de Santa Rosa(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Sánchez Pino, Marinela; Obando Quintero, Milton GiovannyThe Paramillo de Santa Rosa Volcanic Complex - CVPSR - is a stratovolcano resulting from predominantly andesitic to dacitic volcanism, with medium K2O content and calc-alkaline affinity, located in the Risaralda department in Colombia. The CVPSR consists of two superimposed major volcanic edifices and a smaller structure associated with a lava dome, formed during two eruptive periods: the first from 2.3 to 0.56 million years ago, and the second from 0.56 million years ago to the Holocene; during these periods, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, avalanches, and debris flows accumulated. This volcano is classified as active but in a state of repose, and its maximum expected eruptive events are the generation of concentrated and diluted Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDC). To understand how a concentrated pyroclastic density current would be distributed in the event of an eruption of Paramillo de Santa Rosa, the geological, geomorphological, and topographical characteristics were identified, along with seismic activity records, the volcano's eruptive history, and the distribution of products. Then, the TITAN 2D software was used, which allows for the simulation of granular flow models based on the selection of appropriate parameters. For the case study, it is evident that its distribution is uniform along the slopes, presenting average speeds of 28 m/s and approximate distances of 4 km.Publicación Evolución y tendencias en la investigación sobre la recarga gestionada de acuíferos : un análisis bibliométrico(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Barriga Cicero, María Elizabeth; Jaramillo Uribe, Marcela; Hernández Diaz, Paula MarcelaPublicación Estrategias de apropiación social del conocimiento para la conciliación comunitaria en proyectos de recarga gestionada de acuíferos : el caso de Campo Rubiales bajo el Acuerdo de Escazú(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Chaparro Muñoz, María Paula; Jaramillo Uribe, Marcela; Álvarez Vanegas, AlejandroPublicación Propuesta para la implementación progresiva del ECRR® en la formalización de la pequeña minería en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Prada Taborda, Laura Camila; Saldarriaga Echeverri, MónicaMining formalization in Colombia is a key strategy to combat illegality in the sector and improve the economic, environmental and social conditions of communities dependent on this activity. In the midst of this context; the Differential Work and Works Program (PTOD) adopted by Resolution 010 of October 21, 2024, allows small miners to access legality under simplified technical requirements, granting them with this benefit the obligation to adapt within 3 years to the national standards required for the Work and Works Plan (PTO), document that every miner in Colombia must submit to the authorities mining covered by international standards recognized by CRIRSCO. However, this transition presents significant challenges in the face of the progressive adoption of the required standards. This paper analyzes the technical weaknesses of the PTOD in relation to the Colombian Standard for Public Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Reserves (ECRR®), and proposes a voluntary and stepwise guide to help miners in differential formalization processes to build a PTO aligned with the regulations in force. Through a documentary review, a comparative analysis and the design of a practical tool, it is shown that with adequate technical support and staggered approach strategies, small-scale miners can advance more effectively in the progressive fulfillment of the requirements demanded by the regulations. This proposal seeks to contribute to the formalization processes not being perceived as a bureaucratic burden, but as an opportunity to provide technical and economic viability to mining projects and thus improve the traceability and sustainability of small-scale mining activities in Colombia.Publicación Potencial industrial del Subproducto de Lavado de Arena (SLA) en la optimización de recursos en la cantera Santa Cecilia, Medellín, Antioquia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Torres Saldarriaga, Daniel Gonzalo; Tobón, Jorge IvánPublicación Caracterización de escoria de ferroníquel para la captura de CO2 atmosférico(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Martínez Leiva, Santiago; N/AMineral carbonation is the process that involves the reaction of calcium, magnesium and iron silicates, which in the presence of CO2 forms stable carbonates and represents a key strategy to guarantee the capture of CO2. This alternative within the mining context presents great potential to mitigate environmental impacts, and thus achieve sustainable mining. This study focuses on evaluating the characteristics of slag produced by the mining industry in lateritic ferronickel deposits. A bibliographic compilation of existing information was carried out, whose selection criteria focused on mineralogy, geochemistry of tailings, their composition and CO2 capture methods. The results obtained indicate the viability of considering this strategy as an alternative to reduce and mitigate environmental impacts. Detailed understanding of the geochemistry and mineralogy of these wastes generated by metal extraction can provide insight and an option to offset the production of huge amounts of waste and emissions to the environment, and thus ensure sustainable mining.Publicación El impacto de la geomorfología en la zonificación de riesgos : un estudio comparativo entre las metodologías del Ideam y SGC(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Rojas Zapata, Jossy Esteban; N.A.Publicación Análisis de susceptibilidad geológica con menor sesgo : comparación de metodologías de análisis para la gestión del riesgo geológico(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Álvarez Uribe, Alejandro; N/ACurrently, many analyses aiming at understanding the various phenomena associated with risk management in geology are based on heuristic approaches. The degree and quality of these analyses depend significantly on the expert's knowledge and experience about the geomorphological processes present in the study areas. Due to the ambiguity of this method, it is susceptible to subjective interpretations. This paper analyzes other methodologies used for susceptibility analysis. Among the alternatives are heuristic, statistical, deterministic methodologies, and methods based on training and simulation (AI), identifying which of these provides a more solid foundation for decision-making in geological risk management, while addressing the challenges associated with implementing these methods and their impact on the effectiveness of the analyses.Publicación Gestión de aguas subterráneas en Colombia : estrategias frente a los efectos del cambio global(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Villegas Girón, Santiago; N/APublicación Operador directo basado en deep learning para resolver la ecuación de Poisson(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Cuellar Quintero, Edwin Alexi; Rincón Durán, Luis Felipe; Restrepo Correa, Isabel CristinaPublicación Aeromagnetic Modelling of the Sudbury Structurre : Precense of a Central Uplift?(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Guardo Cardona, Sebastián; Ugalde, Hernán; MitacsThe Sudbury Structure (SS) is an impact crater in Northern Ontario (Canada), known for its significant concentrations of sulfide ores and the complexity of its structural setting. Even after decades of research and exploration, essential questions about its basin structural arrangement remain unresolved. One of these unsolved problems is the existence of the impact crater’s central uplift, a structure that, if recognized, might improve the understanding of the Sudbury Structure's geological history and its mineral deposit arrangement. Here, we evaluated whether the SS’s South Range could house the Structure’s central uplift. A 3D model of the SS's South Range's central zone using magnetic and structural data is presented here to evaluate the presence of the central uplift within this area. We identified a dome-shaped structure on the model's lower noritic surface, accompanied by a horizontalizing behavior on the model's upper overlaying surfaces. By comparing the observed modeled structural disposition with a conceptual model representing a present central uplift scenario, we propose the presence of this structure in the SS’s South Range's central zone. This consideration might help to clarify Sudbury Structure subsurface rocks disposition relating some of its main magnetic and structural characteristics to the final modeled surfaces' magnetic values and geometrical tendencies.