Maestría en Economía Aplicada (tesis)
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Ítem La violencia contra las mujeres en Medellín : evaluación del programa “Ciudades y espacios seguros para mujeres y niñas”(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Bedoya González, Camila Andrea; Tobón, SantiagoViolence represents high costs for society and affects women to a greater extent. The lack of visibility of the problem, the lack of awareness and good practices in the prevention of sexual harassment, and the various types of violence aggravate the situation. The Women’s Secretariat implemented the program “Safe Cities and Spaces for Women and Girls” to address violence against women, especially sexual crimes. The objective of my study is to evaluate the impact of the intervention “Cities and Safe Spaces for Women and Girls” carried out in the period between 2017 and 2018 in commune 3 (Manrique, Medellín) on the reporting rates of domestic violence and sexual crimes, to determine the effectiveness of the strategy implemented to improve the safety and well-being of women and girls in public spaces. The method I used comprises a quantitative approach employing a technique of impact evaluation called synthetic control. The intervention encourages reporting crimes, possibly because the mechanisms used raise awareness of the problem, reassuring the victims that they feel safe reporting, although the results are imprecise.Ítem Teorías económicas de la justicia. Un ejercicio de análisis económico del derecho aplicado a la distribución de regalías en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Montoya Ángel, Guillermo León; Vélez Villegas, Juan EstebanÍtem Cambio climático, convergencia económica regional y efectos espaciales : nueva evidencia empírica para Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Astudillo Mendoza, Carlos Alberto; Aristizábal Tamayo, Juan ManuelThe study analyzes the effects of climate change on economic growth and conditional regional convergence processes in Colombia over the past decade. Using panel models applied to 32 departments over the 2008-2019 period, climate variables are incorporated, and spatial dependence is modeled to capture both the direct and indirect effects of climate on economic growth and interregional convergence. Three main findings emerge from the results: (1) the interaction between the deviation from departmental average temperature and convergence, with an estimated coefficient between -0.03 and -0.044, suggests that temperature variations have more significantly impacted economic growth in the more developed departments; (2) evidence of nonlinearities in the climate-growth relationship, with an optimal deviation threshold of 0.32 °C from the historical average, beyond which negative effects on growth are observed; and (3) the presence of spatial spillover effects, where climatic variations in one department impact the economic performance of neighboring regions. These findings contribute to understanding how climate change influences regional growth and convergence patterns, highlighting the importance of implementing mitigation and adaptation measures that consider both local effects and regional interdependencies, as well as the critical thresholds identified in this analysis (0.32°C).Ítem Estrategias para la optimizacion de los gastos operativos y maximizar ingresos : caso municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Cordoba(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Soto Benavides, Germán Darío; Caicedo Esper, Gonzalo FelipeThe municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Córdoba, faces significant financial challenges, characterized by a growing disparity between operational expenses and generated income. This issue has led to regular fiscal performance and a strong dependence on national transfers, limiting financial autonomy and the municipality's capacity to effectively manage its finances and provide public services. The main objective of this research is to design strategic measures that optimize efficiency in operational expenses and maximize the municipality's own revenues. The main question is: How can the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo optimize its operational expenses and maximize its revenues to improve fiscal performance and reduce dependence on national transfers? The methodology employed includes a descriptive design that statistically analyzes documentary financial and budgetary data of the municipality. The results reveal a significant increase in operational expenses between 2012 and 2022, especially in personnel expenses and procurement of goods and services. In conclusion, it is recommended to establish a clear legal framework and robust control mechanisms to ensure transparency in the management of public resources. Additionally, promoting public-private partnerships and consolidating procurements is suggested to enhance operational efficiency and increase public confidence in local government.Ítem Análisis del efecto esperado en la demanda debido a la potencial implementación de un cobro por congestión y una restricción vehicular basada en variables ambientales. Un caso de estudio para Medellín(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Monterrosa Garcés, Sebastián; Ospina Zapata, Juan Pablo; García Cruz, GustavoÍtem Análisis departamental de los factores productivos y su influencia en los cultivos transitorios en Colombia para el 2022(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) García Guette, David Mauricio; Chacón Indaburo, María Fernanda; Zuluaga Orrego, Juan FernandoThis research determines the main productive factors that influenced the production of transitional crops in the departments of Colombia for 2022. We establish the importance of these to improve the conditions of Colombian agriculture through the prioritization of the most important productive factors in this type of crops, contributing to analytical mechanisms that allow a better articulation of the actors in the territories where transitional crops predominate. The analytical development made it possible to establish through a mixed methodology within which the sequential use of statistical techniques such as the Lasso regression model, Stepwise Regression and Random Forest stands out that access to land and financing were the most significant elements in the production of transitional crops for 2022 with 75.2% 15.4% respectively. The study suggests that these factors be prioritized for the articulation of actors and the prioritization of public goods for productivity and territorial development in the departments of Colombia.Ítem Diseño de un mecanismo alternativo de subasta en mercados oligopólicos para el proceso de negociación de medicamentos de alto costo(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Castrillón Sosa, Fabricio Esteban; Chaparro Cardona, Juan CamiloÍtem Ecuación de salarios del mercado laboral del sector TIC y análisis de su brecha salarial internacional, durante el periodo 2017 - 2023(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Quinchía Vásquez, Eliana María; Chaparro Cardona, Juan CamiloÍtem Transferencias monetarias y acceso a crédito : el caso del programa Ingreso Solidario en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Betancur Téllez, Sebastián; Álvarez Franco, Pilar Beatriz; Cruz Castañeda, VivianÍtem Capacidades de gestión en relación con la innovación y productividad total de los factores en el sector manufacturero en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) González Grajales , Samfir; Gómez Sánchez, Diego FernandoÍtem Evaluación de impacto del programa Juventud Manizaleña 2022-2023, en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de noveno grado de diferentes instituciones educativas públicas de Manizales y Caldas(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Camargo Amezquita, Ricardo Andrés; Hernández Flórez, MónicaÍtem Concentración de mercado en el sector retail y análisis situacional de los supermercados independientes en Pereira y Dosquebradas(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Quintero Varela, Santiago; Atis Ortega, Karen LisethÍtem La accidentalidad vial permeada por el auge de la construcción habitacional(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Robledo Sánchez, Leonardo; Ceballos Arias, Luz Maribel; Sánchez Saldarriaga, Andrés FelipeÍtem Análisis de los programas de adulto mayor en Sabaneta y sus beneficios en la salud física, cognitiva y psicológica(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Sánchez Henao, Natalia; Jiménez Londoño, Laura María; Ceballos García, Grey YulietÍtem Implementación de la Unidad Municipal de Atención y Acceso a la Justicia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Piedrahita Londoñoño, Wilfer Alonso; Atehortua Osorio, Mariano de Jesús; Murcia Sánchez , David RicardoÍtem Trading for a Cleaner Future : Carbon Markets and Colombia’s Pursuit of NDC Goals(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Múnera-Alzate, Carlos Felipe; González-Pérez, María AlejandraÍtem Evaluación de impacto a la estrategia "Computadores futuro" en la tasa de reprobación de estudiantes de instituciones educativas oficiales de Medellín beneficiados con un computador en 2022(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Martínez Puerta, Jhon Esteban; Puerta Álvarez, Henry Daniel"Computadores Futuro” is a program by the Medellín City Hall aimed at enhancing educational persistence by providing technological devices to students from official educational institutions in Medellín. The goal is to equip them with relevant skills for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The primary research question was: What is the impact of the “Computadores Futuro” policy on the failure rate of Medellín students during the year 2022? Using the Propensity Score Matching methodology, the impact of this policy was assessed under four different sample restrictions. The findings indicate that, across all considered models, the policy effectively contributed to a reduction in failure rates, with observed effects ranging between 1.3% and 3.8%, depending on the specific characteristics of each sample restriction. That is, students who received a computer in 2022 exhibited up to a 3.8% reduction in the likelihood of failing compared to the hypothetical situation of not having received such computing equipment. It's important to note that, across all models, the observed impact was statistically significant at the 1% level, confirming the effect of the intervention concerning the repetition rate of the benefited students. An additional and relevant finding is the relationship between connectivity and academic performance. In Model 3, it was observed that having internet access reduces the probability of failure; similarly, in Model 4, lacking connectivity increases this probability, underscoring the importance of connectivity in students' academic outcomes.Ítem Evaluación de impacto del Programa de Alimentación Escolar – PAE del municipio de Sabaneta en el período de 2020 - 2023(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Cuartas Ochoa, Deisy Alexandra; Trujilo Gil, Johny Alexander; Ríos Agudelo, Yohan SebastianÍtem Exploración previa de los posibles efectos de la modernización del sistema de videovigilancia de Sabaneta, Antioquia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Montoya Montoya, Santiago; Naranjo Velásquez, María Paulina; Vasco Montoya, Nelson Leonardo; Herrera de la Hoz, César EnriqueÍtem Análisis del mercado turístico en Medellín: una aproximación desde el análisis descriptivo(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Mesa García, Esteban; Jaramillo Vélez, Ricardo; Ospina Londoño, MónicaThe tourism market in Medellín has undergone significant changes in recent years. It is possible to observe a considerable increase in tourist demand, which in turn has been accompanied by a shift in supply, as the market seeks to respond to the new characteristics of the demand. This paper provides an overview of the tourism market, evaluating variations in supply and demand based on the descriptive analysis of available data on foreign arrivals, hotel occupancy, the Airbnb market, digital nomads, employment, rental prices, and other relevant factors to understand the change in behavior of this market. We find that there has been a shock in demand post-pandemic, which results in a shift in the demand curve due to changes in tourist preferences, partly due to the devaluation of the peso, which favors the arrival of foreign tourists. As for the supply, we find that there was an increase in registrations in the National Tourism Registry in the city, the number of available beds increased, and the income from Airbnb increased significantly.