Economía (trabajo de grado)
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Ítem Determinantes de la estructura de salarios en Colombia entre 2007 y 2023(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Arteaga Arango, Alejandra; Posada Posada, Carlos EstebanThe study addresses the determinants of the wage structure in Colombia from 2007 to 2023. Using the Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) and a Structural Vector Autoregressive Model (SVAR), it examines the relationship between the number of skilled and unskilled workers, the interaction between physical and human capital, and the potential for skill-biased technical changes. The study concludes that economic growth and capital accumulation were key determinants in shaping the wage structure during the 2007–2023 period. The results are robust across different model specifications and adjustments to the analysis period.Ítem Impacto de las transferencias del gobierno sobre la resiliencia financiera : análisis para países latinoamericanos en el periodo pos-COVID-19(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Restrepo Yepes, Juan Felipe; Álvarez Franco, Pilar Beatriz; Cruz Castañeda, VivianÍtem Entre fronteras y enfermedades : sífilis gestacional y congénita en migrantes venezolanos en el departamento de Antioquia (2020-2022)(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Arias Toro, Valentina; Arboleda Chavarría, Emmanuel; Ceballos García, Grey Yuliet; Puerta Álvarez, Henry DanielThis study aims to investigate the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and access to health services with the incidence of gestational and congenital syphilis in Venezuelan migrant mothers and children in Antioquia during the period between 2020 and 2022. The research examines how migration impacts public health in this region, highlighting the public health repercussions and the reduction of human capital associated with these diseases. To achieve this, an empirical analysis based on concrete data is employed, complemented by a theoretical analysis that contextualizes the situation within the Latin American and national spheres. Likewise, the study identifies correlations between socioeconomic variables, such as affiliation with health systems and access to public services, and the incidence of syphilis in this population. Additionally, the methodology combines econometric models and descriptive statistics, using data from official sources such as the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia. The findings provide useful data for developing more effective and accessible public policies, addressing the deficiencies in health care for migrants. In this way, it contributes to better syphilis control and more adequate care, promoting the economic and social integration of migrant families in Antioquia.Ítem Contribución del turismo al PIB per cápita en Casanare, Meta, Santander, Bogotá D.C, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina durante el periodo 2013-2023(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Sánchez Cardona, María del Mar; Guerrero Herrera, Adrián Andrés; Quirós Arango, Luis Fernando; Puerta Puerta, Henry DanielThis work aims to analyze the impact of tourism on the Colombian economy, specifically in five departments with high GDP per capita (Casanare, Meta, Bogotá, San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, and Santander) during the period 2013-2023. This issue has gained importance in recent years as tourism has grown exponentially in the country, driven by greater air connectivity and an increase in foreign visitors. This growth has created a multiplier effect in sectors such as hospitality, transportation, and commerce. However, the effects of tourism are not solely positive, as seasonality, inflation, and the overexploitation of resources affect the economic and social stability of these regions, causing discontent among residents due to the externalities of tourism. Consequently, a thorough study is necessary due to the lack of research and information on the subject. An econometric panel data model will be developed to evaluate the relationship between tourism and GDP per capita, aiming to determine whether this activity impacts the purchasing power of residents in different regions, considering variables such as nationalities, reasons for travel, and GDP per capita. This research seeks to determine how tourism contributes to long-term economic growth and the thresholds at which its positive effects may reverse. The results will provide an empirical basis for decision-making in sustainable tourism policies, aiming to maximize the economic benefits of tourism while minimizing its negative impacts.Ítem Riqueza generacional : estrategias de portafolios financieros(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Jaramillo Correa, Felipe; Giraldo Arango, MateoÍtem Historical Persistence : Examining the Effects of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on COVID-19 Vaccination Patterns(Tilburg University, 2024) Ramírez Cruz, Juan José; Giraldo Osorio, Marcela; Laplana, AntonioHistorical persistence is an important factor to understand how our institutions, former policies, and historical events shaped our societal constrains nowadays; our present-day attitudes; and how our economic interactions will be shaped in the long run. The identification of persistence in interdisciplinary sectors can have important implications for policy-making in future strategies, making these decisions more effective and targeted at our objectives by researching how former approaches shaped contemporary responses. This article studies the impact of former historical events and policies such as the 1918 Great Influenza, and the interventions to mitigate it, on present-day decisions concerning public health issues, specifically COVID-19 vaccination rates. By interpreting how these historical events shaped current behaviours and institutional frameworks, it enhances the opportunity to design efficient crisis mitigation plans which can address disparities across demographics and geography, and it is an alternative point of view for policy-makers and researchers to understand inherited human behaviour and societal resilience for future research and more accurate governmental interventions.Ítem Efectos del nivel de ingresos sobre las tasas de divorcio(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) David Higuita, Frank Dony; Téllez Falla, Diego RestrepoÍtem Explorando la señalización corporativa a nivel sectorial en el mercado bursátil estadounidense : el caso de las recompras de acciones(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Rugeles Aristizábal, Felipe; Chaparro Cardona, Juan Camilo; Montoya Gil, Juan MiguelThis research offers a detailed analysis of the informational content of stock buyback plan announcements and how the reactions of different market agents influence the Price-Earnings Ratio, relative to their sector, of the companies that execute them. The study covers a sample of 40 companies from the U.S. stock market between the years 2018 and 2023, using Fixed Effects models that control for entity and temporality. The results for the complete sample reveal that, on average, repurchase announcements are associated with excess returns of 1.05% in the Price-Earnings Ratio relative to their sector on the day the announcements are made. Furthermore, it is observed that these effects are durable within a ten-day post-announcement window, gradually diminishing to an equivalent effect of 0.20% daily on the tenth day. Additionally, sector-specific analyses show divergences in the results, varying in magnitude, durability, and the sign of the effects, reflecting the specific characteristics of the companies in each sector and how these condition the investors' reactions to the signals sent by the entrepreneurs.Ítem Análisis regional de las brechas del capital humano relacionado con el embarazo adolescente en Colombia (2000-2015)(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Mogollón Vargas, Rubi Juliana; Vélez Uribe, Esteban; Ceballos García, Grey YulietThis study examines the relationship between teenage pregnancy and school dropout in Colombia between 2000 and 2015, using data from the National Demography and Health Survey. Through the use of Propensity Score Matching, it analyzes how early motherhood affects the accumulation of human capital, identifying regional and temporal differences in formal education. The findings suggest that teenage pregnancy results in a lower accumulation of human capital, manifested in reduced years of schooling. Although the gaps have decreased over time, notable differences persist between regions. The study underscores the importance of implementing comprehensive policies that not only prevent teenage pregnancy but also support the educational continuity of young mothers, aiming to strengthen the country's socioeconomic development.Ítem Una discusión abierta : la descentralización de la economía colombiana y el valor agregado(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Veléz Mejía, María Fernanda; Restrepo Medina, Camila; Hurtado Rendón, ÁlvaroÍtem Análisis del impacto de los precios de la gasolina en la inflación municipal en Colombia : una estimación SVAR(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Bañol Palacio, Andrés Felipe; Amaya Arbeláez, Juan Luis; Tabares Pozos, Germán AugustoÍtem Una aproximación a los determinantes socioeconómicos del crimen en 23 ciudades principales de Colombia para el período 2016-2021(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Torres Espinosa, María Ximena; Vanegas Arias, MartínThe present research aims to identify some socioeconomic dimensions measured through variables that correlate with crime rates in the main cities of Colombia between 2016 and 2021, as an approximation of what could be classified as the socioeconomic determinants of crime. Thus, based on a review of literature, dimensions such as the labor market, education, economic development, and enforcement were identified as relevant. With this in mind, and according to data availability, variables from different sources were collected as approximations of each dimension, along with reported crimes for different offenses, in order to create rates to calculate the number of crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. Consequently, econometric estimations were performed for panel data using fixed and random effects estimators. As a result, it was found that all these dimensions correlate with crime in Colombia; however, in some cases, the direction of these relationships may vary.Ítem Evaluación de la eficiencia del gobierno corporativo en la minimización de costes de agencia en empresas latinoamericanas : un análisis a través del método Propensity Score Matching(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Hernández Claro, Carlos Daniel; Almonacid Hurtado, Paula MaríaÍtem Factores determinantes del precio de arriendo de viviendas en ciudades colombianas : un enfoque de modelos hedónicos(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Heredia Barbosa, Alejandro; Cifuentes Vásquez, Felipe; Almonacid Hurtado, Paula MaríaHousing prices (rental and purchase) have constantly been an issue of utmost importance for policymakers regarding urban (and other) sustainability policies. Recently, this issue has taken on great relevance in the case of Colombia due to the sustained growth in real estate market prices. This study analyzes the determinants of rental prices in the main cities of Colombia (Bogota, Medellin, and Cali) for the year 2023, taking a hedonic model approach, through the use of a database with rental prices, structural characteristics of real estate and spatial variables (latitude and longitude) for these cities. It is found that the socioeconomic stratum, the area of the property and the number of bathrooms and garages have a positive impact on the rental price, while the number of rooms has a negative effect. In addition, specific characteristics were identified that influence the increase in price, such as the presence of a balcony or green areas. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) regression was also performed to study the case of the city of Medellin (due to the international attention it has received in recent months), and heterogeneity was observed in the influence of the variables studied in different city areas.Ítem Impacto de las políticas educativas en la calidad de vida en el municipio de Medellín (2008-2019)(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Giraldo Hernández, Juan Pablo; Ramos, Carlos Andrés; Goda, ThomasÍtem Factores socioeconómicos asociados la salud mental y bienestar subjetivo en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Ocampo Correa, Johann Mauricio; Hernández Florez, MónicaÍtem Blackout! Impact of the quality of the energy services on students’ academic performance(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Lalinde Velásquez, Juliana; Hernández Flórez, MónicaÍtem Descifrando la relación entre inversión privada y cultivos de coca : caso del contexto colombiano entre 2001 y 2009(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Botero Bolívar, Francisco Javier; Echeverri Valencia, María Fernanda; Chaparro Cardona, Juan CamiloThe question of economic growth is a fundamental one for every economy. Therefore, it is crucial to delve into the variables that can potentially impact private investment, a key driver of growth. Over the past decades, the armed conflict has posed a persistent challenge for Colombia, affecting its economic and social development as well as political stability. This thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between coca crops, as proxy of armed conflict, and private investment in Colombia, a topic of significant importance for the country's future. Through existing literature, armed conflict is characterized by the economic and social fields. In order to capture the effect of the conflict's economy, the relation between illicit coca crops and the presence of armed groups is described. The social aspect is reflected in homicide and kidnapping rates, both measured per 100,000 inhabitants. To better contextualize the outlook, an econometrical analysis of time series at a national level is realized between 2001 and 2022 of the number of hectares of coca detected and favorable investment environment (variable of the Encuesta de Opinión Industrial Conjunta [EOIC] made by Asociación Nacional de Empresarios [ANDI]). This exercise allows a more detailed analysis at the municipal level between 2001 and 2009, in which the impact of the percentage of area detected from illicit coca crops, as well as homicide and kidnapping rates per 100.000 inhabitants in the private gross domestic product (GDP), discounting the public expenditure. In these empirical exercises, there are indications of unidirectional causality from the favorable investment environment to the detected coca crop area. Similarly, econometric models mostly yield results consistent with the literature, as there is a negative impact of illicit crops and the kidnapping rate on private investment.Ítem Estabilización de la volatilidad del PIB en Colombia : un análisis de los determinantes macroeconómicos(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Vélez Ortega, Benjamín; Mojica Restrepo, Susana; García Cruz, Gustavo AdolfoÍtem Contratos inteligentes para la incorporación de comunidades energéticas en el mercado eléctrico colombiano : desafíos y oportunidades(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Restrepo López, Mariana; Idrobo Mejía, Felipe; Garcia Rendón, Jhon Jairo