Economía (trabajo de grado)
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Ítem Explorando la señalización corporativa a nivel sectorial en el mercado bursátil estadounidense : el caso de las recompras de acciones(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Rugeles Aristizábal, Felipe; Chaparro Cardona, Juan Camilo; Montoya Gil, Juan MiguelThis research offers a detailed analysis of the informational content of stock buyback plan announcements and how the reactions of different market agents influence the Price-Earnings Ratio, relative to their sector, of the companies that execute them. The study covers a sample of 40 companies from the U.S. stock market between the years 2018 and 2023, using Fixed Effects models that control for entity and temporality. The results for the complete sample reveal that, on average, repurchase announcements are associated with excess returns of 1.05% in the Price-Earnings Ratio relative to their sector on the day the announcements are made. Furthermore, it is observed that these effects are durable within a ten-day post-announcement window, gradually diminishing to an equivalent effect of 0.20% daily on the tenth day. Additionally, sector-specific analyses show divergences in the results, varying in magnitude, durability, and the sign of the effects, reflecting the specific characteristics of the companies in each sector and how these condition the investors' reactions to the signals sent by the entrepreneurs.Ítem Análisis regional de las brechas del capital humano relacionado con el embarazo adolescente en Colombia (2000-2015)(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Mogollón Vargas, Rubi Juliana; Vélez Uribe, Esteban; Ceballos García, Grey YulietThis study examines the relationship between teenage pregnancy and school dropout in Colombia between 2000 and 2015, using data from the National Demography and Health Survey. Through the use of Propensity Score Matching, it analyzes how early motherhood affects the accumulation of human capital, identifying regional and temporal differences in formal education. The findings suggest that teenage pregnancy results in a lower accumulation of human capital, manifested in reduced years of schooling. Although the gaps have decreased over time, notable differences persist between regions. The study underscores the importance of implementing comprehensive policies that not only prevent teenage pregnancy but also support the educational continuity of young mothers, aiming to strengthen the country's socioeconomic development.Ítem Una discusión abierta : la descentralización de la economía colombiana y el valor agregado(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Veléz Mejía, María Fernanda; Restrepo Medina, Camila; Hurtado Rendón, ÁlvaroÍtem Análisis del impacto de los precios de la gasolina en la inflación municipal en Colombia : una estimación SVAR(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Bañol Palacio, Andrés Felipe; Amaya Arbeláez, Juan Luis; Tabares Pozos, Germán AugustoÍtem Una aproximación a los determinantes socioeconómicos del crimen en 23 ciudades principales de Colombia para el período 2016-2021(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Torres Espinosa, María Ximena; Vanegas Arias, MartínThe present research aims to identify some socioeconomic dimensions measured through variables that correlate with crime rates in the main cities of Colombia between 2016 and 2021, as an approximation of what could be classified as the socioeconomic determinants of crime. Thus, based on a review of literature, dimensions such as the labor market, education, economic development, and enforcement were identified as relevant. With this in mind, and according to data availability, variables from different sources were collected as approximations of each dimension, along with reported crimes for different offenses, in order to create rates to calculate the number of crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. Consequently, econometric estimations were performed for panel data using fixed and random effects estimators. As a result, it was found that all these dimensions correlate with crime in Colombia; however, in some cases, the direction of these relationships may vary.Ítem Evaluación de la eficiencia del gobierno corporativo en la minimización de costes de agencia en empresas latinoamericanas : un análisis a través del método Propensity Score Matching(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Hernández Claro, Carlos Daniel; Almonacid Hurtado, Paula MaríaÍtem Factores determinantes del precio de arriendo de viviendas en ciudades colombianas : un enfoque de modelos hedónicos(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Heredia Barbosa, Alejandro; Cifuentes Vásquez, Felipe; Almonacid Hurtado, Paula MaríaHousing prices (rental and purchase) have constantly been an issue of utmost importance for policymakers regarding urban (and other) sustainability policies. Recently, this issue has taken on great relevance in the case of Colombia due to the sustained growth in real estate market prices. This study analyzes the determinants of rental prices in the main cities of Colombia (Bogota, Medellin, and Cali) for the year 2023, taking a hedonic model approach, through the use of a database with rental prices, structural characteristics of real estate and spatial variables (latitude and longitude) for these cities. It is found that the socioeconomic stratum, the area of the property and the number of bathrooms and garages have a positive impact on the rental price, while the number of rooms has a negative effect. In addition, specific characteristics were identified that influence the increase in price, such as the presence of a balcony or green areas. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) regression was also performed to study the case of the city of Medellin (due to the international attention it has received in recent months), and heterogeneity was observed in the influence of the variables studied in different city areas.Ítem Impacto de las políticas educativas en la calidad de vida en el municipio de Medellín (2008-2019)(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Giraldo Hernández, Juan Pablo; Ramos, Carlos Andrés; Goda, ThomasÍtem Factores socioeconómicos asociados la salud mental y bienestar subjetivo en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Ocampo Correa, Johann Mauricio; Hernández Florez, MónicaÍtem Blackout! Impact of the quality of the energy services on students’ academic performance(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Lalinde Velásquez, Juliana; Hernández Flórez, MónicaÍtem Descifrando la relación entre inversión privada y cultivos de coca : caso del contexto colombiano entre 2001 y 2009(Universidad EAFIT, 2024) Botero Bolívar, Francisco Javier; Echeverri Valencia, María Fernanda; Chaparro Cardona, Juan CamiloThe question of economic growth is a fundamental one for every economy. Therefore, it is crucial to delve into the variables that can potentially impact private investment, a key driver of growth. Over the past decades, the armed conflict has posed a persistent challenge for Colombia, affecting its economic and social development as well as political stability. This thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between coca crops, as proxy of armed conflict, and private investment in Colombia, a topic of significant importance for the country's future. Through existing literature, armed conflict is characterized by the economic and social fields. In order to capture the effect of the conflict's economy, the relation between illicit coca crops and the presence of armed groups is described. The social aspect is reflected in homicide and kidnapping rates, both measured per 100,000 inhabitants. To better contextualize the outlook, an econometrical analysis of time series at a national level is realized between 2001 and 2022 of the number of hectares of coca detected and favorable investment environment (variable of the Encuesta de Opinión Industrial Conjunta [EOIC] made by Asociación Nacional de Empresarios [ANDI]). This exercise allows a more detailed analysis at the municipal level between 2001 and 2009, in which the impact of the percentage of area detected from illicit coca crops, as well as homicide and kidnapping rates per 100.000 inhabitants in the private gross domestic product (GDP), discounting the public expenditure. In these empirical exercises, there are indications of unidirectional causality from the favorable investment environment to the detected coca crop area. Similarly, econometric models mostly yield results consistent with the literature, as there is a negative impact of illicit crops and the kidnapping rate on private investment.Ítem Estabilización de la volatilidad del PIB en Colombia : un análisis de los determinantes macroeconómicos(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Vélez Ortega, Benjamín; Mojica Restrepo, Susana; García Cruz, Gustavo AdolfoÍtem Contratos inteligentes para la incorporación de comunidades energéticas en el mercado eléctrico colombiano : desafíos y oportunidades(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Restrepo López, Mariana; Idrobo Mejía, Felipe; Garcia Rendón, Jhon JairoÍtem Avanzando hacia una banca más inclusiva : el potencial del Open Banking en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Sierra Madrid, Felipe; Jaramillo Restrepo, David; Gaitán Riaño, Sandra ConstanzaOver the years, Colombia has displayed a remarkable evolution in its financial sector, progressively transitioning towards hyperconnectivity and the digitization of its financial ecosystem, in sync with the global digital trends. Amidst these transformative shifts, open banking has emerged as a standout concept, bringing substantial changes in the way we engage with financial products. This research undertaking is fundamentally driven by the aspiration to delve into the essence of open banking, leveraging successful cases from other Latin American countries, such as Mexico and Brazil, as our primary units of observation. Through meticulous analysis of the open banking practices in these regions, we endeavor to envision how this technology could be introduced to Colombia.Further insights have been gleaned from statistical data on financial inclusion, furnished by diverse institutions, including the Financial Superintendence of Colombia and the World Bank. This information offers a window into the Colombian population's readiness to embrace digital transformation when it comes to their banking instruments. Yet, it is imperative to acknowledge that certain technological infrastructure barriers may pose challenges to the efficient introduction of open banking in the country.Ítem Determinantes de la tasa de supervivencia de las empresas formales en los departamentos de Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Arias Mejía, José Miguel; García Alzate, Samuel; Arias Mejía, José Miguel; Tamayo Plata, Mery Patricia; Chaparro Cardona, Juan CamiloThe business situation in Colombia faces challenges due to deficiencies in productivity, technology, and institutional arrangements that limit the survival and economic growth of companies. This study aims to identify variables influencing business survival at the departmental level and analyze how institutional, social, and economic factors affect this phenomenon. Using data from the Unique Business and Social Registry (RUES) of the Colombian Chambers of Commerce Confederation and the Departmental Competitiveness Index of the Private Council of Competitiveness, statistical methods such as the Kaplan-Meier estimator and regressions with departmental fixed effects are applied to examine the influence of different variables on the departmental rate of business survival, distinguishing by economic sectors and company sizes. It is found that business survival rates in Colombia decrease from 66.1% in the first year to 29.5% in the sixth year, but there are significant disparities between departmental rates. The influence of various indicators and institutional, infrastructure, and human capital factors, as well as the business environment and the financial system on departmental rates of business survival, varies according to the size and sector of the companies. Through public policies that impact these factors, it is possible to influence business survival rates. However, it is suggested that certain public policies aimed at addressing economic and social issues may negatively affect business survival rates as a collateral effect, without this having negative repercussions on economic development, since this rate may experience declines in the midst of processes of creative destruction.Ítem Healthcare utilization's role in shaping cancer outcomes(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Calle Muñoz, Naomi Galilea; Posso Suárez, Christian ManuelÍtem Retos y oportunidades de la transición a una flota vehicular de cero emisiones en Colombia : análisis marco institucional(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) González Pérez, Juan Pablo; Escobar Saldarriaga, Miguel; Cadena Gaitán, Carlos MiguelThe research presented in this thesis aims to identify the main challenges and opportunities that Colombia faces in the transition to a zero-emission vehicle fleet. This is intended to be achieved through a mixed methodology, where its qualitative component seeks to compare the socio-economic conditions between Colombia and Norway, as well as the different public policies implemented by both countries. In its quantitative part, several time series regressions were modeled to identify which public policies implemented by Norway have been the most effective. In doing so, it was found that the two main challenges facing Colombia are: 1) limitations due to its low liquidity and borrowing capacity, which directly affect its ability to implement public policies, and 2) the need to create greater environmental awareness. While one of the most viable opportunities lies in the exemption of toll payments for electric vehicles.Ítem Análisis de factores económicos en la cobertura del régimen contributivo del sistema de pensiones en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Zapata Ochoa, Pablo; Ochoa Espinal, Esteban; Quirós Arango, Luis FernandoThe study aims to investigate how unemployment, inflation, employment rate, and minimum wage in Colombia can affect people's decision to contribute to the pension system, relating the proposal to increase coverage to the "Cambio por la Vejez" reform proposal. Through VAR models and an analysis of economic variables, it was found that unemployment and employment rate significantly impact short and medium-term contributions to the system, while the minimum wage does not show a significant relationship. These findings give importance to effective unemployment control to increase pension system coverage.Ítem Diseño de una cartera de inversión eficiente administrada por el fondo del “Giving Day” de la Universidad EAFIT para generar un impacto positivo en el acceso a la educación superior y el bienestar estudiantil(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Hernández Mora, María Camila; Londoño Agudelo, Simón; Luján Jaramillo, Alejandra MaríaÍtem El papel de la mujer rural en la productividad agrícola de pequeños predios de Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Ruiz Gallego, Lina María; Bedoya Zapata, Elizabeth; Muñoz Mora, Juan Carlos