Valor Público EAFIT

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https://hdl.handle.net/10784/386

Valor Público EAFIT, centro de estudios e incidencia, convoca y reúne la experiencia, los conocimientos y los saberes de la universidad para potenciarlos desde el diálogo y orientarlos a identificar y solucionar problemas complejos que requieren la coordinación y colaboración de personas, comunidades y organizaciones.

Es un escenario para la comprensión y la transformación de problemas que requieren de la intervención colectiva y la decisión compartida: los asuntos públicos. Un espacio para el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de programas y políticas en seguridad, justicia, gobierno y desarrollo económico e inclusión social. Una propuesta que aporta a la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia: que logra miradas al largo plazo y el diseño de soluciones para el presente. En Valor Público investigamos, creamos y acompañamos proyectos y procesos estratégicos para entregar, a los sistemas públicos, las organizaciones y las comunidades, más y mejores elementos para encontrar soluciones innovadoras.

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 611

Absolute Income Inequality and Rising House Prices
(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-12-01) Goda, Thomas; Stewart, Chris; Torres García, Alejandro; tgoda@eafit.edu.co; atorres7@eafit.edu.co
Income inequality and house prices have risen sharply in developed countries during the last three decades. We argue that this co-movement is no coincidence but that inequality has driven up house prices on the grounds that it raises the total demand for houses, which inflates their prices considering supply restrictions. To test this hypothesis, we conduct cointegration tests for a panel of 18 OECD countries for the period 1975-2010. The results suggest that income inequality and house prices in most OECD countries are positively correlated and cointegrated, and that in the majority of cases absolute inequality Granger-causes house prices when measured in absolute terms. Relative inequality, on the other hand, is not cointegrated with house prices, which is expected given that total house demand depends on the absolute amount of investible income.
Absolute Inequality and Violent Property Crime
(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-08-22) Goda, Thomas; Torres, Alejandro; tgoda@eafit.edu.co; atorres7@eafit.edu.co
Rational choice models argue that income inequality leads to a higher expected utility of crime and thus generates incentives to engage in illegal activities. Yet, the results of empirical studies do not provide strong support for this theory; in fact, Neumayer provides apparently strong evidence that income inequality is not a significant determinant of violent property crime rates when a representative sample is used and country specific fixed effects are controlled for. An important limitation of this and other empirical studies on the subject is that they only consider proportional income differences, even though in rational choice models absolute difference in legal and illegal incomes determine the expected utility of crime. Using the same methodology and data as Neumayer, but using absolute inequality measures rather than proportional ones, this paper finds that absolute income inequality is a statistically significant determinant of robbery and violent theft rates. This result is robust to changes in sample size and to different absolute inequality measures, which not only implies that inequality is an important correlate of violent property crime rates but also suggests that absolute measures are preferable when the impact of inequality on property crime is studied.
La acreditación: un paso adelante hacia el logro de la calidad en la educación superior.
(Universidad EAFIT, 1999-02-22) Jaramillo, Alberto
La necesidad y conveniencia de garantizar la calidad en los programas de formación universitaria son asuntos que nadie pone en tela de juicio. En su lugar, se ha discutido ampliamente acerca de cuál es el mejor instrumento para asegurar la existencia de esa calidad. Las posiciones han variado desde un fuerte intervencionismo, caracterizado por la revisión y aprobación in vitro de los programas que las instituciones aspiran ofrecer, hasta el reconocimiento de una amplia y fuerte autonomía para la apertura y gestión de pregrados y posgrados. En este último extremo, la aceptación social -expresada a través de la demanda del programa y de sus egresados por el mercado- sustituye totalmente la vigilancia del Estado.
Actividad bursátil en los mercados accionarios colombianos. Determinantes y evolución 1997-2007
(Universidad EAFIT, 2009) Agudelo Rueda; Diego Alonso; Departamento de Finanzas, Universidad EAFIT; Economía y Finanzas; Finanzas; Grupo de Investigación Finanzas y Banca
Actividad bursátil en los mercados accionarios colombianos: Determinantes y evolución 1997 - 2007
(Universidad EAFIT, 2009-09-18) Agudelo Rueda, Diego Alonso
We present evidence of the important improvement of the Colombian stock market in terms of trading activity in the last ten years. Indeed, the merger of the former three stock exchanges (Bogota, Medellín and Cali) into the Bolsa de Valores de Colombia in July 2001 can be associated, in an econometric model, to a significant improvement in number for trades for most of the individual stocks. We also explore the determinants and time series regularities of trading activity. Results show that trading activity is strongly positively related to contemporaneous and lagged returns, and is reduced before an macroeconomic announcement, portraying the Colombian stock market as a conservative yet not sophisticated one. Trading activity tend to be lower on Mondays and Fridays and before and after a holiday, and shows a positive end of the year effect. We discuss several explanations for this relations based on the theory and anecdotic observations.
El Acuerdo de Basilea: Estado del Arte del SARC en Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2005-04-15) Torres Avendaño, Gabriel
The first version of the Basel Capital Accord was signed in 1988 by representatives of Group G-10. Since then, this accord has been widely implemented around the world. There has been various amendments including market risk and, lately, in Basel II, the operative risk. In Colombia, since 2002, it is mandatory for risk management in Financial Institutions.
El Acuerdo de Basilea: Estado del Arte del SARC en Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2005) Torres Avendaño, Gabriel Ignacio; Docente departamento de Finanzas. Universidad EAFIT; Economía y Finanzas; Finanzas; Grupo de Investigación Finanzas y Banca
La administración del servicio
(Universidad EAFIT, 1995-09-15) Barriga Manrique, Enrique
Este trabajo pretende analizar los principales factores de éxito en la administración del servicio de formación universitaria de directivos de Pymes. Consta de seis partes. La primera, plantea el objetivo del trabajo. En la segunda parte, se analizan las consideraciones que justifican el trabajo. La tercera, presenta algunos elementos conceptuales relacionados con el servicio. En la cuarta parte, se realiza un breve análisis del mercado de formación universitaria de directivos de Pymes en Colombia. En la quinta parte se analizan los principales aspectos de las fases del proceso de formación, de directivos de Pymes claves para lograr una gestión exitosa del servicio. Por último se presentan unas reflexiones finales.
Affine term structure models: forecasting the Colombian yield curve
(Universidad EAFIT, 2015-12-02) Velásquez-Giraldo, Mateo; Restrepo-Tobón, Diego A.; mvelas26@eafit.edu.co; drestr16@eafit.edu.co
Superior modeling of the yield curve is useful for asset pricing, financial planning, and risk management. In this article, we estimate five affine term structure models using daily Colombian data. We find that a three-factor model outperforms the other models in one and five days ahead forecasts. The model’s factors closely mimic empirical proxies for the level, the slope, and the curvature of the Colombian yield curve.
Agglomeration Economies in the Presence of an Informal Sector The Colombian Case
(Universidad EAFIT, 2018-01-26) García, Gustavo A.; ggarci24@eafit.edu.co
This paper analyzes the relationship between agglomeration economies and productivity in the context of a developing country while taking into account the marked presence of an informal sector. Using data from Colombia, we investigate the effect of agglomeration economies on formal and informal productivity. We examine whether the informal sector achieves benefits from agglomeration economies as well as whether there are differences between the formal and informal sectors in terms of agglomeration returns. We find that agglomeration economies, measured by the density of local employment, have a significantly positive effect on productivity in the informal sector, while there is little effect in the formal sector. We estimate an elasticity of wages with respect to employment density of approximately 2% for the informal sector, which implies that informal workers in denser areas will earn approximately 11% more than those in less dense areas.
Agrega valor el modelo Black-Litterman en portafo- lios del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA)? Evaluación empírica 2008-2016
(Universidad EAFIT, 2018-11) Luna-Ramírez, Susana; Arango, Diego A.; slunara@eafit.edu.co; dagudelo@eafit.edu.co
The Black-Litterman model (BL) has been offered as an alternative to the classical Markowitz Mean-Variance framework, to structure well-diversified portfolios that incorporate visions from fundamental analysts. We apply this model to stock portfolios in the countries of the Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA): Colombia, Chile, Mexico and Peru, starting from the constituents of the main stock market indexes. As perspectives, we use the historical analyst ́s recommendations in Bloomberg for the period 2008-2016. We find that portfolios created with BL outperform the main index, both in average return and in alpha, in each of the four countries. Moreover, a regional BL portfolio that combines the four BL country portfolios, outperforms a regional Benchmark, measured in dollars, in each one of three alternatives of Us dollar hedge.
An algorithmic approach for simulating realistic irregular lattices.
(Universidad EAFIT, 2013-07-12) Duque, Juan C.; Betancourt, Alejandro; Marin, Freddy
There is a wide variety of computational experiments, or statistical simulations, in which regional scientists require regular and irregular lattices with a predefined number of polygons. While most commercial and free GIS software offer the possibility of generating regular lattices of any size, the generation of instances of irregular lattices is not a straightforward task. The most common strategy in this case is to find a real map that matches as closely as possible the required number of polygons. This practice is usually conducted without considering whether the topological characteristics of the selected map are close to those for an “average” map sampled in different parts of the world. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, RI-Maps, that combines fractal theory, stochastic calculus and computational geometry for simulating realistic irregular lattices with a predefined number of polygons. The irregular lattices generated with RI-Maps have guaranteed consistency in their topological characteristics, which reduces the potential distortions in the computational or statistical results due to an inappropriate selection of the lattices.
Ampliando las opciones en el mercado laboral: el presente y el futuro de la educación vocacional y técnica en Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2022-01-12) Chaparro, Juan Camilo; Maldonado, Darío; Universidad EAFIT; Universidad de los Andes
This work makes a diagnosis of the way in which the regulation of Vocational and Technical Education in Colombia is organized and its relationship with some structural problems of the Colombian labor market. EVT is understood as the set of programs that lead to formally recognized certifications or titles and whose objective is to train workers in skills demanded by the productive sector. In Colombia, this corresponds to the one- to three-year programs offered in Higher Education Institutions (IES), Education Institutions for Work and Human Development (IETDH) and SENA. The relevant qualifications for this study are technological, professional technicians and labor technicians. Although SENA does not use the term technical labor for its titled offer and only uses the term technical, the two types of programs are equivalent, which is why both are called technical labor in the document. On the other hand, this work does not take into account the long-cycle training (four years or more) that is part of Higher Education. The three programs we refer to offer training opportunities to a significant number of Colombians. Altogether, the entire offer of long and short cycles in 2018 had an enrollment of 2.6 million people, with 40% corresponding to EVT programs.
Análisis comparativo de diferentes esquemas de suficiencia en generación eléctrica: Algunas reflexiones para el mercado eléctrico en Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-05-01) Flórez, Mónica; Gómez, Beatriz; García, John J.; mfloreze@eafit.edu.co; bgomezd@eafit.edu.co; jgarcia@eafit.edu.co
The Colombian electricity market has been facing difficulties with the occurrence of El Niño 2015-2016 that showed flaws in the market design. This paper makes an international referencing of different types of electricity market designs focused mainly on the mechanisms used to ensure generation capacity adequacy, describes the current problems and makes some recommendations for the Colombian electricity market based on the advantages, disadvantages and adaptability evidenced in the analyzed markets of Nord Pool, Alberta, PJM, Chile, Brazil and Panama.
Análisis de la deserción estudiantil en los programa de pregrado de la universidad EAFIT
(Universidad EAFIT, 2010-04-10) Montes Gutiérrez, Isabel Cristina; Almonacid Hurtado, Paula María; Gómez Cardona, Sebastián; Zuluaga Díaz, Francisco Iván; Tamayo Zea, Esteban
College desertion is defined as the disruption of higher education undertaken by a student. To identify its causing factors is a subject of great interest for Institutions of Higher Education, because it diminishes the potential to achieve their main purpose: to educate professionals. Therefore, this research approaches college desertion conceptually and methodologically, in order to analyze this phenomenon at EAFIT University. Our sample corresponds to cohorts 2001-1, 2002-1 and 2003-1, belonging to 14 undergraduate programs. Initially the drop-out population was studied through a descriptive exploration of some key indicators and several individual, socio-economic, academic and institutional characteristics. These were followed by two econometric modelings (transversal and longitudinal). Finally a qualitative analysis was made by applying a semi-structured interview to selected students who were classified as deserters. Results highlight a significant early desertion, associated mainly to academic variables and a lack of students’ assertiveness in their choice of undergraduate programs.
Análisis de la distribución espacial de la reducción en la demanda de agua potable como efecto de políticas de ahorro en su consumo en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá.
(Universidad EAFIT, 2013-08-08) Duque, Juan C.; Gutiérrez, Diana C.; Betancourt, Alejandro; Patiño, Jorge
El presente estudio presenta un análisis, espacialmente desagregado, de la disminución en el consumo residencial de agua en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (AMVA) durante el periodo 2005 – 2010 e identificar las características socioeconómicas asociadas a estos patrones. Además, se analiza la forma cómo las políticas y campañas para incentivar la disminución del consumo de agua potable han sido acogidas en el AMVA. Los resultados obtenidos muestran claras diferencias espaciales (y por estrato) en los niveles de consumo de agua, así como en los niveles de reducción de dicho consumo en el período analizado. También, por medio de modelos de econometría espacial, se encuentra que las características socioeconómicas juegan un papel relevante a la hora de explicar los niveles de consumo de agua y que estos consumos presentan autocorrelación espacial sustantiva que indica que los niveles de consumo de agua potable en un área determinada no solo dependen de las características socioeconómicas del área, sino también de los niveles de consumo de las áreas vecinas. Por último, se encuentra que los impactos derivados del desincentivo económico al consumo excesivo, tiene un efecto inmediato que no perdura en el tiempo
Análisis de la exposición al riesgo del Efectivo Generado por la Operación (EGO) bajo incertidumbre macroeconómica y de mercado
(Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2010) Herrera Echeverry, Hernán; Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, Universidad Eafit, Medellín, Colombia; Economía y Finanzas; Finanzas; Grupo de Investigación Finanzas y Banca
Análisis de la exposición al riesgo del Efectivo Generado por la Operación (EGO) bajo incertidumbre macroeconómica y de mercado.
(Universidad EAFIT, 2010-01-01) Herrera, Hernán; hherrer2@eafit.edu.co
This paper is a methodology for calculating the EGOaR (Operational Cash Flow at risk) for nonfinancial firms. This proposal seeks to overcome the weaknesses referred to other methods for calculating the CFaR (Cash Flow at Risk) when regard the company as an average of a group of similar competitors and not including exogenous sources of risk in the individual company. In the proposed method does not use the cash flow but the Operational Cash Flow (EGO) as the dependent variable in the exposure model, avoiding punish the historic company cash flow with strategic investments. Another advance is the use of time series theory to estimate and simulate the behavior following exogenous variables that influence the generation of cash in the company.
Análisis de la formación para el trabajo en Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2024-02) Chaparro Cardona, Juan Camilo; Arteaga Arango, Alejandra; Universidad EAFIT
Este reporte de investigación analiza aspectos de la formación para el trabajo en Colombia en dos capítulos diferentes. El primer capítulo describe las brechas que existen en la efectividad de la formación para el trabajo para generar un calce entre la capacitación de las personas y las ocupaciones que ejercen. Se reportan brechas de género, regionales y por estrato socioeconómico en las tasas de calce de las personas capacitadas. El segundo capítulo analiza la calidad de los catálogos de cualificaciones del Marco Nacional de Cualificaciones (MNC) administrados por el Ministerio del Trabajo, con corte a junio de 2023. Todos los programas de certificación que se ofrezcan dentro del nuevo Subsistema de Formación para el Trabajo del Sistema Nacional de Cualificaciones deben estar basados en una cualificación aprobada e incluida en el MNC. El segundo capítulo hace una síntesis del nuevo Subsistema de Formación para el Trabajo, su relación con el MNC y propone una metodología para medir la calidad de un catálogo de cualificaciones.
Análisis de la integración de mercado eléctricos: El caso de Centroamérica y oportunidades para Colombia
(Universidad EAFIT, 2005-02-15) García, John J.; Rojas Martínez, Isabel Cristina; Velásquez Montoya, Natalia
The integration of the electric market in Central América began to consolidate with the implementation of different stabilizing politics achieving advances in the harmonization of the regulatory frameworks and the creation of institutions that help an adequate process. After establishing networks of bilateral interconnection among the countries, a line is being built, that permits to reach an integrate commerce, minimizing the possibility of crisis in the supply, taking advantage of the complementarity in the energy generation form, competitive prices by the decrease in costs and confidence in the supply. All theses factors could be exploited by Colombia to consolidate its position as exporting country of electricity. Key words:

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