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Ítem Airline choice model for an international round-trip flight considering outbound and return flight schedules(Warsaw University of Technology, 2020-01-01) Munoz C.; Laniado H.; Córdoba J.; Universidad EAFIT. Escuela de Ciencias; Modelado MatemáticoThis paper quantified the impact of outbound and return flight schedule preferences on airline choice for international trips. Several studies have used airline choice data to identify preferences and trade-offs of different air carrier service attributes, such as travel time, fare and flight schedule. However, estimation of the effect return flight schedules have on airline choice for an international round-trip flight has not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, this study introduces attributes related to return flight characteristics and round-trip flight schedule interaction into the airline choice models, which have not previously been reported in the literature. We developed a stated preference survey that includes round-trip fares based on flight schedule combinations and the number of days prior to departure fares was purchased. We applied modelling techniques using a set of stated preference data. A mixed logit model was tested for the presence of heterogeneity in passengers' preferences. Our results indicated that models with attributes related to return flight and its interaction with outbound flight attributes have a superior fit compared with models only based on attributes reported in the literature review. The model found shows that airfare, travel time, arrival preference schedule in the outward journey, departure preference in the return journey and the schedule combination of round-trip flight are significantly affecting passenger choice behaviour in international round-trip flights. Sensitivity analysis of airline service characteristics and their marketing implications are conducted. The analysis reports seven policies with the greatest impact on each airline choice probabilities. It shows that by reducing travel time and airfare and by adopting an afternoon and night schedule preference for outbound and return flight, respectively, the highest probability on airline choice would be reached. This research contributes to the current literature by enhancing the understanding of how passengers choose airlines, considering both outbound and inbound journey characteristics. Thus, this study provides an analytical tool designed to provide a better understanding of international round-trip flight demand determinants and support carrier decisions. © 2020 Warsaw University of Technology. All rights reserved.Ítem Airline choice model for an international round-trip flight considering outbound and return flight schedules(Warsaw University of Technology, 2020-01-01) Munoz C.; Laniado H.; Córdoba J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Estudios en Mantenimiento (GEMI)This paper quantified the impact of outbound and return flight schedule preferences on airline choice for international trips. Several studies have used airline choice data to identify preferences and trade-offs of different air carrier service attributes, such as travel time, fare and flight schedule. However, estimation of the effect return flight schedules have on airline choice for an international round-trip flight has not yet been studied in detail. Therefore, this study introduces attributes related to return flight characteristics and round-trip flight schedule interaction into the airline choice models, which have not previously been reported in the literature. We developed a stated preference survey that includes round-trip fares based on flight schedule combinations and the number of days prior to departure fares was purchased. We applied modelling techniques using a set of stated preference data. A mixed logit model was tested for the presence of heterogeneity in passengers' preferences. Our results indicated that models with attributes related to return flight and its interaction with outbound flight attributes have a superior fit compared with models only based on attributes reported in the literature review. The model found shows that airfare, travel time, arrival preference schedule in the outward journey, departure preference in the return journey and the schedule combination of round-trip flight are significantly affecting passenger choice behaviour in international round-trip flights. Sensitivity analysis of airline service characteristics and their marketing implications are conducted. The analysis reports seven policies with the greatest impact on each airline choice probabilities. It shows that by reducing travel time and airfare and by adopting an afternoon and night schedule preference for outbound and return flight, respectively, the highest probability on airline choice would be reached. This research contributes to the current literature by enhancing the understanding of how passengers choose airlines, considering both outbound and inbound journey characteristics. Thus, this study provides an analytical tool designed to provide a better understanding of international round-trip flight demand determinants and support carrier decisions. © 2020 Warsaw University of Technology. All rights reserved.Ítem Application of product line commonality index (PCI) in a family of products(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014-01-01) Oliver Rubio, M.; Julian Mora, O.; Alvaro Guarin, G.; Pablo Carrizosa, I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Administración; Estudios en Mantenimiento (GEMI)Currently many companies base their marketing strategy around a family of products. Thus, they regularly add new variations to products in order to meet changing market needs, or to attract new customers. Although the basic functionality remains unchanged across products, new features, aesthetic appearance and technologies are incorporated in each new product. This if it is not checked, can generate the "complexity of the product," which leads to a loss of productivity or quality. Thus, the effective management of product variations in design and manufacturing is challenging. The key is minimizing the non-value added variations through models within a range of options without limiting customers. This article discusses the factors that contribute to the "complexity of the product" and this is done through the product line commonality index (PCI) [1], which measures the level of common parts in a product family. A case study of bicycle frame displays its implementation and functionality. The index shows the possibility that the products in a family share parts effectively (modularity) and reduces the total number of parts (multifunctionality). © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Ítem Application of product line commonality index (PCI) in a family of products(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014-01-01) Oliver Rubio, M.; Julian Mora, O.; Alvaro Guarin, G.; Pablo Carrizosa, I.; Oliver Rubio, M.; Julian Mora, O.; Alvaro Guarin, G.; Pablo Carrizosa, I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción; Tecnologías para la ProducciónCurrently many companies base their marketing strategy around a family of products. Thus, they regularly add new variations to products in order to meet changing market needs, or to attract new customers. Although the basic functionality remains unchanged across products, new features, aesthetic appearance and technologies are incorporated in each new product. This if it is not checked, can generate the "complexity of the product," which leads to a loss of productivity or quality. Thus, the effective management of product variations in design and manufacturing is challenging. The key is minimizing the non-value added variations through models within a range of options without limiting customers. This article discusses the factors that contribute to the "complexity of the product" and this is done through the product line commonality index (PCI) [1], which measures the level of common parts in a product family. A case study of bicycle frame displays its implementation and functionality. The index shows the possibility that the products in a family share parts effectively (modularity) and reduces the total number of parts (multifunctionality). © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Ítem Avances en las relaciones entre Colombia y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos y sus contextos económico, social, diplomático y político(Universidad EAFIT, 2016) Schulle Urhán, Karin; González-Pérez, María AlejandraEn el escenario global cambiante en el que los poderes económico y político se redistribuyen desde los países tradicionales de Occidente hacia economías de rápido crecimiento, sobre todo de Asia y África, se hace indispensable el establecimiento de nuevas relaciones con países distantes y con diferencias políticas y culturales sustanciales -- Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura existente sobre diplomacia comercial como herramienta usada por los gobiernos para conseguir dicho acercamiento, en el que por medios políticos se busca alcanzar beneficios económicos -- Se analiza el caso particular de Colombia y Emiratos Árabes Unidos (EAU), que reactivaron sus relaciones diplomáticas desde 2009; además, se revisa el contexto del país árabe al tener en cuenta el escenario político, económico, social y diplomático y mediante la exposición de las características que lo hacen atractivo para Colombia; también se presentan las cifras de comercio bilateral, inversión y turismo y su evolución luego de los acercamientos diplomáticos, con el fin de ilustrar el efecto dinamizador que tiene la diplomacia comercial sobre las relaciones comerciales bilaterales y de identificar puntos de oportunidad para Colombia, como el reforzamiento de las relaciones con los EAU como puerta de entrada hacia los demás países de la región del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (CCG)Ítem Competition policies for the internet market in Colombia: Impact on entrepreneurship(Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited, 2019-01-01) Osorio A.M.; Rendón J.J.G.; Osorio A.M.; Rendón J.J.G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Estudios en Economía y Empresa (GEE)The internet is one of the most important services worldwide, its use and increase in coverage are between the main concerns of development agendas. These markets tend to be highly concentrated, and competition policies have few tools to differentiate between companies with market power or possible abuse of it. The development, innovation, and research in the technology and telecommunications sector is growing and is promoted by the government. There are many entrepreneurs that need broadband for their business; that is the main reason for studying this sector. In Colombia, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) made recommendations for the telecommunications market, including the Internet, to improve not only the indicators but also the policies. The competition policies for the internet market in Colombia generate an impact on consumers and of course on entrepreneurship. The competition policy is made for the companies that have direct contact with the final consumer, so the wholesaler can manage different prices and practices that can affect the final consumer but there is not a clear policy for them. The aim is to analyze the Internet market in Colombia between 2010 and 2015 in a theoretical and empirical way, what is the impact of vertical integration on companies, competition policies and especially in the entrepreneurship. In Colombia, 75% of the population lives in the urban area. According to data from the OECD, the gap in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in large and small companies is high, only 20% of small medium enterprises (SMEs) are connected to the internet; this figure is low, given that 96.4% of companies in Colombia are microenterprises. The competition policy for the internet sector in Colombia is focused on regulating the retail market, which has direct contact with the end users of the service. It is common to hear that the superintendence of commerce, industry, and tourism has sanctioned an enterprise, but they still have a lot to do in the regulation of the wholesale market of the internet. The concentration of the internet market in Colombia has a clear impact in all the entrepreneurship because, compared with other countries, in Colombia is more expensive to work with internet so, this has an impact in innovation, research, and competition. © Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE 2019. All rights reserved.Ítem Conflictos armados y comercio internacional: un estudio empírico(Universidad EAFIT, 2016) Duque Correa, Ana Isabel; Saffon Arango, Ana María; Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo JavierÍtem Effects on Electricity Markets of a Demand Response Model Based on Day Ahead Real Time Prices: Application to the Colombian Case(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2018-05-01) Rivera, Juan Carlos; Paramo, Oscar Alejandro; Lopez, Gustavo Adolfo; Rivera, Juan Carlos; Paramo, Oscar Alejandro; Lopez, Gustavo Adolfo; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Matemáticas y AplicacionesThis paper presents an alternative methodology, based on a cost optimization model, for evaluating some effects of the implementation of an alternative Demand Response (RD) program based on Day Ahead Real-Time Pricing (DA-RTP) in electricity markets. The proposed methodology has three special characteristics: the first one is to assume that users can modify their consumption patterns without altering the quantity demanded daily; second one, users flexibility to shift demand between hours depend of the kind of user and the time (peak vs off peak hours); finally, consumers have limited capability to shift demand outside of certain periods withing the day. The model is tested with a simulation exercise for the Colombian electricity market. The results show a significant improvement in system and market performance, including consumer savings, a flattened load curve, and reduced operational risk in the system. © 2003-2012 IEEE.Ítem Effects on Electricity Markets of a Demand Response Model Based on Day Ahead Real Time Prices: Application to the Colombian Case(IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 2018-05-01) Rivera, Juan Carlos; Paramo, Oscar Alejandro; Lopez, Gustavo Adolfo; Universidad EAFIT. Escuela de Ciencias; Modelado MatemáticoThis paper presents an alternative methodology, based on a cost optimization model, for evaluating some effects of the implementation of an alternative Demand Response (RD) program based on Day Ahead Real-Time Pricing (DA-RTP) in electricity markets. The proposed methodology has three special characteristics: the first one is to assume that users can modify their consumption patterns without altering the quantity demanded daily; second one, users flexibility to shift demand between hours depend of the kind of user and the time (peak vs off peak hours); finally, consumers have limited capability to shift demand outside of certain periods withing the day. The model is tested with a simulation exercise for the Colombian electricity market. The results show a significant improvement in system and market performance, including consumer savings, a flattened load curve, and reduced operational risk in the system. © 2003-2012 IEEE.Ítem HouSI: Heuristic for delimitation of housing submarkets and price homogeneous areas(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013-01-01) Royuela, V.; Duque, Juan C.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)This paper seeks to address the problem of the empirical identification of housing market segmentation, once we assume that submarkets exist. The typical difficulty in identifying housing submarkets when dealing with many locations is the vast number of potential solutions and, in such cases, the use of the Chow test for hedonic functions is not a practical solution. Here, we solve this problem by undertaking an identification process with a heuristic for spatially constrained clustering, the "Housing Submarket Identifier" (HouSI). The solution is applied to the housing market in the city of Barcelona (Spain), where we estimate a hedonic model for fifty thousand dwellings aggregated into ten groups. In order to determine the utility of the procedure we seek to verify whether the final solution provided by the heuristic is comparable with the division of the city into ten administrative districts. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Ítem ICT Augmented Gravity Model Application: Sector Level Analysis of the Asia-Pacific Region(Universidad EAFIT, 2021-07-30) Mehmood, Bilal; Arif Malik, Azka; Khalid, Rabia; Punjab University Center for Economics and Business Research; Department of Economics, Government College University; School of Economics, University of the PunjabThe use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in commerce improves the commercial structure and economic capacity of a country. This study empirically assesses the impact of ICTs on international trade in 36 countries in Asia and the Pacific, at the sectoral level, between 2007 and 2018. The study evaluates whether ICTs improve international trade by hiring the gravity model of international trade and increasing it with the ICT variable. An ICT development indicator (IDI) is formed by joining seven different ICT variables that show ICT infrastructure, use, and skills. Using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique, this study shows that ICTs improve trade by reducing transaction costs. The findings reveal that information and communication technology positively and significantly influence international trade in all sectors of the Asia-Pacific region, and that trade intensifies when both trading partners have a high endowment of information and communications technology. The study recommends that governments in developing countries upgrade their ICT infrastructure levels.Ítem El impacto del internet y de los acuerdos comerciales sobre las exportaciones e importaciones colombianas a la luz del modelo gravitacional. Años 2000-2016(Universidad EAFIT, 2017) Escobar Echeverri, Juan Camilo; Gutiérrez Lara, María Camila; Jiménez, CamiloÍtem El impacto del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre EEUU y Colombia para el comercio del sector agropecuario (2007-2017)(Universidad EAFIT, 2018) Sosa González, María Camila; Posada Mazuera, María José; Goda, ThomasThis work was carried out with the objective of empirically evaluating the effects of the FTA between USA and Colombia specifically in the agricultural sector for the quarters 2007Q1 and 2017Q4 -- Therefore, we wanted to verify empirically the effects of the tariff reduction on bilateral agricultural trade among the mentioned economies -- The results found are aligned with the behavior of the agricultural trade balance this means that the tariff reduction is more beneficial for the US than for ColombiaÍtem Inteligencia de mercados en una empresa de moldes para la industria del vidrio(Universidad EAFIT, 2009) Osorio Ardila, Alejandro; Urrea, Luis Alejandro; Arango, Juan FelipeÍtem Methodology for implementing a collective intelligence creation model in business networks(2012-01-01) Crespo, J.M.; Paniagua, J.A.V.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Administración; Administración y OrganizacionesImplementing KM projects in companies normally aims at achieving better business performance in terms of quality of goods and services, reducing operation costs, improving production processes, optimizing physical resources and human talent, improving revenues and, appropriation and transmission of knowledge among the organization's employees, etc. Riesco states that implementing these kinds of projects has usually failed because of the trend to focus more on technical aspects and processes thanon culture and people. That is to say that, people have given priority to projects' operational issues, the required technology, physical infrastructure and processes; relevant issues like cultural change and organizational adaptation to the requirements demanded by these new ways of thinking and operating have been left aside. In other words, we may find that in KM projects, processes of planning andexecution are more relevant than matters that demand time and effort to the organization (e.g. structural, cultural and strategic changes). One possible consequence of not considering these issues could be individual and collective multiple barriers to the project's implementation or its failure. The risk of failing is higher if we take into consideration that some of these projects are not necessarily theresult of long term strategic developments but contingent responses to desires, market demands, competitor or client requirements, or simply some executive's training process. That lack of awareness of the importance of culture and people can make organizations focus its efforts on operative environments, ignoring the side effects that may emerge; this may bring unpredictable results and hinder operation and control of the project. In this sense, it is undeniable the need toaddress human affairs, culture, strategy and structure in implementing KM projects, especially if we consider processes ofaction and collective creation of knowledge in organizations. Consistent with this, this article aimsat presenting amethodology for the implementation of a model for building collective intelligence in business networks. This proposal issupported by the model to create collective intelligence in business networks designed by Martinez and Vasquez (2011). The article presents the processes to be followedto implement the model in a trade group, association, cluster or business network. The article details the elements required for the implementation of the model in each of its phases: internaldiagnosis, external diagnosis, planning and execution, and condensing results 1. The methodology favors implementing the model; it makes possible to obtain measurable results in terms of its impact on any organization, analyzing the feasibility of improvement or adjustments to it and a more practical appropriationof what the collective intelligence creation model intends.Ítem Multitud y poder: una aproximación naturalista al Tratado político de Spinoza(Universidad EAFIT, 2018-03-23) Pizarro Suescum, José Pedro; Universidad de SevillaÍtem Oportunidades de internacionalización para los microempresarios del departamento del Quindío(Universidad EAFIT, 2014) Andrioli Gómez, Carlos Julio; Ochoa Arango, Julián; Aguilar Barrientos, Sara Cristina; Uribe de Correa, Beatríz AmparoLa crisis del café ha afectado en gran medida la economía del departamento del Quindío, el cual en los últimos años ha intentado volcar su vocación hacia el turismo, basándose en la infraestructura de las fincas cafeteras; sin embargo, es evidente el escaso número de grandes empresas y de negocios significativos que permitan dinamizar su economía, lo que ubica al departamento en uno de los más altos niveles de desempleo y uno de los más bajos en exportaciones -- En consecuencia, se pretende informar y describir sobre las oportunidades de internacionalización de los productos y servicios de sus microempresarios, derivadas de los acuerdos comerciales suscritos por Colombia, de su ubicación geográfica, de la logística e infraestructura del departamento del Quindío, de la declaratoria por parte de la UNESCO de paisaje cultural cafetero a 11 de sus 12 municipios y de la facilidad de hacer inversión según la medición del doing business subnacionalÍtem Prefactibilidad de un nuevo producto transaccional para los clientes del sector comercio del banco de Bogotá a través de la metodología ONUDI(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Duque Correa, Ana Isabel; Guerrero Latorre, Jorge HarleyÍtem Regulatory reform and corporate control in European energy industries(2012-01-01) García, J.J.; Trillas, F.; García, J.J.; Trillas, F.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Estudios en Economía y Empresa (GEE)The deregulation process in the EU electricity sector triggered strategic decisions that led to industry restructuring. This paper presents preliminary evidence of the impact of this process on investors, using event studies and estimation techniques such as least squares and GARCH. Our findings suggest three stylized facts: 1) regulatory reform in Europe was certainly accompanied by a takeover wave, as predicted by Mitchell and Mulherin (1996); 2) mergers and acquisitions had a positive impact on the stock price of target firms, and a much lower and sometimes even a negative impact for the bidding firms; 3) the effect of takeover announcements on the returns of competitors of the merging firms depends on the degree of market power. In countries with high market power (like Spain) competitors significantly increase share returns upon takeover announcements, whereas in countries with lower market power (like England and Wales) returns do not change significantly. © 2012 IEEE.Ítem Singapore: from an unfeasible country, to a world model(Universidad EAFIT, 2014-07-11) Gómez Gómez, Laura; Jiménez Posada, Mateo; Universidad EAFIT