Examinando por Materia "Electric vehicles"
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Ítem Diseño de una arquitectura de control para vehículos eléctricos omnidireccionales(Universidad EAFIT, 2015) Cock Atehortúa, Lina Eugenia; Osorio Gómez, GilbertoLa necesidad de vehículos silenciosos sin emisiones de carbono, así como, el avance en motores eléctricos, baterías y controladores, han impulsado el desarrollo e investigación de productos de movilidad eléctrica en todo el mundo, desde pequeños robots que juegan fútbol, vehículos para transportar equipos de rescate o cámaras de vigilancia, sillas de ruedas o vehículos para movilidad unipersonal, hasta buses y montacargas -- Lo anterior motivó que se incorporara en el pensum de Ingeniería de Diseño de Producto de la Universidad EAFIT, un curso en el que los estudiantes deben diseñar y construir el prototipo de un producto de movilidad eléctrica -- La experiencia con el curso, muestra que el sistema de control y su integración con los sensores, actuadores y mandos del producto es esencial para lograr que éste sea confiable, robusto, amigable y constituye un factor diferenciador e innovador -- Así mismo, se han evidenciado dificultades en los prototipos que utilizan dirección por diferencial de velocidad, es decir cuando la dirección de desplazamiento se determina mediante el control de la velocidad y sentido de giro de dos de las ruedas cada una con un sistema de propulsión independiente -- Adicionalmente, una de las necesidades recurrentes ha sido el diseño y construcción de un vehículo fácil de maniobrar y de bajo costo que pueda evadir obstáculos, estacionar y circular fácilmente por pasillos estrechos o congestionados. Para esto, en la actualidad existen vehículos eléctricos omnidireccionales pero son productos costosos que integran todos los componentes (mecánicos y eléctricos) -- Lo anterior motivó el estudio del estado del arte en vehículos eléctricos omnidireccionales y el análisis de la posibilidad de ofrecer a los estudiantes del curso la opción de controladores que se puedan utilizar en diferentes productos con características de movimiento omnidireccional -- Se encontraron fabricantes de vehículos omnidireccionales, pero sus productos son costosos y los controladores utilizados son específicos para los componentes mecánicos y eléctricos -- Se plantea el objetivo de desarrollar una arquitectura de control para plataformas eléctricas omnidireccionales con cuatro ruedas tipo Mecanum, que pueda utilizarse en vehículos con diferentes requerimientos de potencia mecánica y condiciones de uso --Se inicia con la determinación de la arquitectura y la selección del tipo de componentes que permitirán utilizar controlar plataformas que tengan diferentes requerimientos de potencia mecánica, sin que sea necesario cambiar el hardware de control -- Se desarrolla un procedimiento para determinar el motor-transmisión-ruedas de acuerdo con los requerimientos de potencia mecánica y un procedimiento para calcular los parámetros que deberán cambiarse en la programación del controlador si se cambia alguno de los componentes del subsistema: motor-transmisión-ruedas -- Se desarrolla y construyen dos plataformas con especificaciones eléctricas y mecánicas muy diferentes: La primera es un modelo escala, construido para entender y verificar la cinemática de estos vehículos y probar la versatilidad del controlador -- La segunda es un prototipo de la plataforma de referencia -- Este prototipo permite de acuerdo con las especificaciones de potencia requerida, intercambiar los motores por otros de la misma serie con potencia diferente: 500 o 650 o 800 Vatios, sin que deba cambiarse el controlador del motor BLDC, ni el sistema de transmisión, siempre y cuando los requerimientos de diseño respecto a velocidad del vehículo no cambie -- En ambas plataformas, la arquitectura de control es la misma, sólo cambian unos parámetros de programación -- Es importante anotar que ninguna de las dos plataformas tiene sistema de suspensión ni frenos, pues el objetivo de las mismas es probar la funcionalidad y adaptabilidad de la arquitectura de control con diferentes requerimientos de potencia mecánica -- La arquitectura de control se prueba con las dos plataformas -- Se analiza su adaptabilidad a las diferentes especificaciones mecánicas -- Se compara el comportamiento real respecto a lo esperado por el modelo cinemático -- Y se prueba el comportamiento para los modos de operación con y sin retroalimentación con el fin de validar cual modo de operación proporciona una mejor maniobrabilidad -- De acuerdo con los resultados de las pruebas, se concluye: La arquitectura de control sí puede adaptarse a plataformas con diferentes especificaciones de potencia mecánica -- En el modo de operación con retroalimentación, la arquitectura de contro utilizada proporciona una mejor maniobrabilidad de la plataforma -- A futuro se debe mejorar aspectos constructivos de las plataformas, que no estaban dentro del alcance del proyecto, como son: un sistema de suspensión que garantice el contacto con el piso de las cuatro ruedas y un mecanismo de freno -- A futuro se debe estudiar y buscar otras opciones de materiales en los rodillos de las ruedas Mecanum que permitan disminuir el deslizamientoÍtem Electric Vehicle monitoring system : analysis of driving patterns and their influence on battery degradation(Universidad EAFIT, 2022) Echavarría Correa, Santiago; Mejía Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Montoya, Jose AlejandroÍtem Esquemas de movilidad compartida con vehículos eléctricos : actitudes en el Valle de Aburrá(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Gómez Correa, Maria Paula; Ceballos Ochoa, Lina María; Bejarano Botero, Luis MauricioÍtem Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de un modelo de negocio, basado en diseño e implementación de espacios de infraestructura de recarga para vehículos eléctricos, en un corredor vial colombiano(Universidad EAFIT, 2022) Arboleda Jaramillo, Andrés Felipe; Uribe Jerez, María Fernanda; Giraldo Hernández, Gina María; Salazar Gómez, Francisco JavierThe energy transition is undoubtedly a step that the world and therefore Colombia must take sooner rather than later since the sustainability of human processes and activities is a non-negotiable for the viability of life itself on our planet. The mobility and transportation sector are currently the third economic sector with the highest carbon emissions, which in turn makes it a priority and gives urgency to the energy transition process within this sector. Given the above, the initiatives that contribute to open the way, find solutions to problems and set up companies within this sector are consolidated as great business opportunities with an interesting economic growth outlook for entrepreneurs, shareholders and even governmental entities. This paper presents a feasibility study of a business model of fast energy charging stations for private and transportation electric vehicles, whose implementation was conceived in the Medellin-Turbo road corridor, with the aim of solving the charging needs of this type of vehicles to ensure the autonomy of travel in a single complete journey. This work exposes to the reader the market research, the study of the commercial environment and economic sector; exposes technical and engineering requirements and finally exposes the financial feasibility of the project, as well as the contemplations in terms of organizational structure, configuration of human talent for the operation and legal obligations necessary for the implementation of the business model.Ítem Estudio de prefactibilidad para el montaje de un taller de mantenimiento y reparación de vehículos eléctrico e híbridos(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) Gómez Ortiz, Sebastián; Carmona Arboleda, Frank Esteban; Díez Benjumea, Jhon Miguel; Múnera Hoyos, DiegoBased on secondary information obtained for the development of this research work, it was determined that due to different factors of the world environment and international policies such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, in the world they are massifying electric and hybrid vehicles, for which according to experts consulted, in some countries there are no after-sales services that can guarantee proper maintenance and/or repair. Due to the above, based on the identified need, through this research work it is intended to evaluate the pre-feasibility for the assembly of a repair and maintenance workshop for electric and hybrid vehicles in the Aburrá Valley, using the methodology proposed by UNIDI for the preparation of projects, with which it was concluded that probably in the short term there is no demand to make the project viable.Ítem Integrated design and development of complex systems under a PLM approach: a sustainable transportation system case study(2012) Osorio Gómez, Gilberto; Mejía Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño; Gilberto Osorio (gosoriog@eafit.edu.co); Ricardo Mejia (rmejiag@eafit.edu.co); Ingeniería de Diseño (GRID)The materialization of design projects has demonstrated to be a key factor for the evaluation of new ideas -- In this field, the Department of Product Design Engineering from EAFIT University has been pioneer in Colombia -- In order to take this process to a new level, an integrated approach has been proposed oriented to the design and development of sustainable transport value added products, particularly in the field of electric mobility, where transport systems complexity is combined with the need of developing sustainable products, together with the use of technologies in the area of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) -- It is presented the adopted methodology for development of this kind of projects at academic level, detailing main activities and tools, and describing a successful case study for the design of a functional prototype of an electric bicycle, in order to demonstrate the findings and experiences obtained in this kind of implementations that, in the future, will be translated into trained engineers on advanced product development, as well as to raise industrial awareness in the subjectÍtem Integration of a Chassis Servo-Dynamometer and Simulation to Increase Energy Consumption Accuracy in Vehicles Emulating Road Routes(Universidad EAFIT, 2022) Escobar Saltarén, Daniel; Arango López, Iván Darío; Arango López, Iván DaríoElectric vehicles, particularly those in mass transit systems, make use of accurate power estimations for different routes to calculate powertrain and battery requirements and plan the location and times of charging stations. Hence, chassis dynamometers are a common tool for vehicle designers as they allow for the emulation of vehicle performance and energy consumption by simulating realistic road conditions. In this paper, a method is presented where inertia events and negative slopes can be represented in the dynamometer through a single motor; allowing researchers to perform fast and cheap tests, while also considering the effect of these variables. A dynamic simulation is used to distribute the energy used in three ways: first, accelerating the vehicle by overcoming the forces opposing motion; second, emulating the kinetic energy delivered by the vehicle mass when decelerating; and third, emulating the energy delivered to the vehicle by negative slopes. Tests were carried out on a dynamometer validating the method through an example route, estimating energy consumption and regeneration; this method reduces the error in energy consumption by inertial effects and negative slopes, otherwise not considered in one motor dynamometers, showing a 9.11% difference between total test energy and real bus energy for this route.Ítem Procedure to determine module distribution within a solar array to increase the net energy collection in a solar competition vehicle(2014-06-05) Barrera Velásquez, Jorge; Osorio Gómez, Gilberto; Mejía Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Suárez Castañeda, Nicolás; Gil Herrera, Ana; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño; Jorge Barrera Velasquez ( jbarre13@eafit.edu.co); Gilberto Osorio (gosoriog@eafit.edu.co); Ricardo Mejia (rmejiag@eafit.edu.co); Nicolas Suarez Castañeda (nsuarezc@eafit.edu.co); Ana Gil Herrera (agilher1@eafit.edu.co); Ingeniería de Diseño - GRIDIn solar vehicle competition, the available space for installation of the solar panel in the car is limited -- In order to optimize space, it is difficult not to install solar modules in areas impacted by shadows, even if they cause reduction of efficiency in the overall photoelectric generation -- Shadow patterns arise from the relative position of the sun to the earth, and the relative position of the vehicle towards both of them -- Since vehicle, earth and sun are moving in semi-predictable patterns, computer simulations can cross and match data from such sources to forecast generation behavior -- The outputs of such simulations are shadow patterns on the surface of the vehicle, indicating locations that are suitable or unsuitable to install solar cells -- This paper will show the design procedure of the solar panel for a Challenger Class solar vehicle that participated in the World Solar Challenge 2013, intended to increase the net energy collection -- The results obtained, illustrate how the employment of a computational tool can help in the acquisition of both qualitative and quantitative information, related to shadows position and their impact on energy collection. With data inputs such as vehicle geometry and its relative position towards the route, the tool was used to evaluate different possible configurations of solar panel module distribution and select the ones that are more convenient to the given scenario. Therefore, this analysis allows improving the solar panel design by considering important variables that were often overlookedÍtem Proceso de ASC - ESTUDIO DEL CICLO DE VIDA Y DISPOSICION FINAL DE BATERIAS DE VEHICULOS ELECTRICOS-FASE EXPLORATORIA(Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Palacio Espinosa, Claudia Constanza; Rodríguez, Valentina; Gil, María José; Rendón, José Manuel; Machado, José Manuel; Hernández, Edxaidys; Restrepo, Vanessa; Herrera, Adrián; Otálvaro, Felipe; Universidad EAFITThe high levels of air pollution that have been documented in recent years in the country's main urban areas, consistent with global patterns, have prompted national authorities to consider tax incentives for mobility options that encourage environmentally friendly practices. These measures are designed to not only mitigate existing air pollution but also promote sustainability. As a result, there has been a significant increase in the purchase of electric vehicles. According to Andemos Colombia, as of January 31, 2019, there are 2,826 electric cars and motorcycles in Colombia, including 1,048 cars and 1,778 motorcycles, which is just 0.02% of the total 14,104,129 vehicles in the national fleet. However, some concerns focus on the future, as without proper planning, one problem could be replaced by another, or even worsen. Batteries, which are essentially chemical systems for energy production, are made of materials that can be difficult to recycle without the proper disposal processes, potentially leading to significant soil and water pollution in the future. This concern has raised questions such as: What will be done with the batteries from electric vehicles when they need replacement? How will they be recycled? What processes are necessary for the environmentally responsible disposal of these batteries? Therefore, the materials research group aimed to investigate the composition of these batteries more deeply and explore recycling methods to prevent further environmental damage.Ítem Retos y oportunidades de la transición a una flota vehicular de cero emisiones en Colombia : análisis marco institucional(Universidad EAFIT, 2023) González Pérez, Juan Pablo; Escobar Saldarriaga, Miguel; Cadena Gaitán, Carlos MiguelThe research presented in this thesis aims to identify the main challenges and opportunities that Colombia faces in the transition to a zero-emission vehicle fleet. This is intended to be achieved through a mixed methodology, where its qualitative component seeks to compare the socio-economic conditions between Colombia and Norway, as well as the different public policies implemented by both countries. In its quantitative part, several time series regressions were modeled to identify which public policies implemented by Norway have been the most effective. In doing so, it was found that the two main challenges facing Colombia are: 1) limitations due to its low liquidity and borrowing capacity, which directly affect its ability to implement public policies, and 2) the need to create greater environmental awareness. While one of the most viable opportunities lies in the exemption of toll payments for electric vehicles.