Análisis sectorial del consumo de la electricidad durante la pandemia – COVID-19: evidencia para los mercados no regulado y regulado en Colombia
Date
2022-03-09Metadata
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En esta investigación por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones aparentemente no relacionadas hacemos un análisis sectorial del consumo de electricidad durante la pandemia – COVID-19 para los principales sectores que conforman los mercados No regulado y Regulado en Colombia. Utilizando datos diarios para el mercado no regulado y mensuales para el regulado entre febrero de 2015 y mayo de 2021, encontramos evidencia estadísticamente significativa de una recomposición en el consumo de electricidad con la pandemia a partir del confinamiento preventivo obligatorio, establecido por el Decreto 457 de 2020, aumentado el promedio del consumo en el sector residencial en 16.9%, ya que estuvieron realizando sus trabajos desde sus residencias. Por el contrario, aquellos sectores del mercado no regulado sometidos a cuarentenas presentaron una caída. No obstante, sectores que no fueron sometidos a aislamiento preventivo obligatorio, ya que eran necesarios para satisfacer el abastecimiento de servicios básicos como el de salud, Alimentación (agro) y abastecimiento de agua, sus coeficientes para el confinamiento estricto no fueron estadísticamente significativos y presentaron un aumento en el consumo de electricidad.
Abstract
In this investigation, through a model of seemingly unrelated equations, we conduct a sectoral analysis of electricity consumption during the pandemic - COVID-19 for the main sectors that make up the Unregulated and Regulated markets in Colombia. Using daily data for the unregulated market and monthly data for the regulated market between February 2015 and May 2021, we find statistically significant evidence of a recomposition in electricity consumption with the pandemic from the mandatory preventive confinement, established by Decree 457 of 2020, the average consumption in the residential sector increased by 16.9%, since they were carrying out their work from their residences. On the contrary, those sectors of the unregulated market subject to quarantines presented a fall. However, in sectors that were not subjected to mandatory preventive isolation, since they were necessary to satisfy the supply of basic services such as health, food (agriculture) and water supply, their coefficients for strict confinement were not statistically significant and presented an increase in electricity consumption.
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