Examinando por Materia "vulnerability"
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Ítem Análisis de la gestión del riesgo de desastres en cuatro instituciones educativas públicas de dos municipios del norte del Valle de Aburrá: Barbosa y Copacabana(2018) Osorio Chávez, Diego Fernando; Sierra Nova, Claudia Helena;52706244The analysis of threats of natural, social and technological origin is increasingly important for organizations, because an insufficient consideration of them can have effects in terms of loss of human lives and damage to infrastructure. Bearing in mind that educational institutions are home to a large number of people and constitute a center of interest and example for the community that surrounds them, the interest of this work is to analyze disaster risk management in four public educational institutions in two municipalities of the North of the Aburrá Valley through a qualitative approach with descriptive scope that shows the current state of these institutions of the Municipalities of Barbosa and Copacabana of the Department of Antioquia. The results of the investigation show that educational institutions still do not respond to the preventive approach established by Law 1523 of 2012, due to a lack of awareness on the part of State entities and the directors of educational institutions. Given the above, recommendations are made to identify the threats and vulnerability analysis in each educational institution, as well as an initial diagnostic form for disaster risk management in the technological component. It is expected that this contribution to disaster risk management will have applications in similar situations for decision making in other types of public and private organizations.Ítem Development of structural debris flow fragility curves (debris flow buildings resistance) using momentum flux rate as a hazard parameter(Elsevier B.V., 2018-05-18) Prieto, Jorge Alonso; Journeay, Murray; Acevedo A.B.; Arbelaez, Juan; Ulmi, Malaika; Mecánica AplicadaSocietal risks associated with debris flow hazards are significant and likely to escalate due to global population growth trends and the compounding effects of climate change. Quantitative risk assessment methods (QRA) provide a means of anticipating the likely impacts and consequences of settlement in areas susceptible to landslide activity and are increasingly being used to inform land use decisions that seek to increase disaster resilience through mitigation and/or adaptation. Current QRA methods for debris flow hazards are based primarily on empirical vulnerability functions that relate hazard intensity (depth, velocity, etc.) to expected levels of loss for a given asset of concern, i.e. most of current methods are dedicated to loss-intensity relations. Though grounded in observed cause-effect relationships, empirical vulnerability functions are not designed to predict the capacity of a building to withstand the physical impacts of a debris flow event, or the related uncertainties associated with modelling building performance as a function of variable debris flow parameters. This paper describes a methodology for developing functions that relate hazard intensity to probability of structural damage, i.e., fragility functions, rather than vulnerability functions, based on the combined hydrodynamic forces of a debris flow event (hazard level) and the inherent structural resistance of building typologies that are common in rural mountainous settings (building performance). Hazard level includes a hydrodynamic force variable (FDF), which accounts for the combined effects of debris flow depth and velocity, i.e. momentum flux (hv2), material density (?) and related flow characteristics including drag (Cd) and impact coefficient (Kd). Building performance is measured in terms of yield strength (Ay), ultimate lateral capacity (AU) and weight to breadth ratios (W/B) defined for a portfolio building types that are common in mountain settlements. Collectively, these model parameters are combined using probabilistic methods to produce building-specific fragility functions that describe the probability of reaching or exceeding successive thresholds of structural damage over a range of hazard intensity values, expressed in terms of momentum flux. Validation of the proposed fragility model is based on a comparison between model outputs and observed cause-effect relationships for recent debris flow events in South Korea and in Colombia. Debris flow impact momentum fluxes, capable of resulting in complete damage to unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in those regions are estimated to be on the order of 24 m3/s2, consistent with field-based observations. Results of our study offer additional capabilities for assessing risks associated with urban growth and development in areas exposed to debris flow hazards. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Ítem Development of structural debris flow fragility curves (debris flow buildings resistance) using momentum flux rate as a hazard parameter(Elsevier B.V., 2018-05-18) Prieto, Jorge Alonso; Journeay, Murray; Acevedo A.B.; Arbelaez, Juan; Ulmi, Malaika; Prieto, Jorge Alonso; Journeay, Murray; Acevedo A.B.; Arbelaez, Juan; Ulmi, Malaika; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción; Materiales de IngenieríaSocietal risks associated with debris flow hazards are significant and likely to escalate due to global population growth trends and the compounding effects of climate change. Quantitative risk assessment methods (QRA) provide a means of anticipating the likely impacts and consequences of settlement in areas susceptible to landslide activity and are increasingly being used to inform land use decisions that seek to increase disaster resilience through mitigation and/or adaptation. Current QRA methods for debris flow hazards are based primarily on empirical vulnerability functions that relate hazard intensity (depth, velocity, etc.) to expected levels of loss for a given asset of concern, i.e. most of current methods are dedicated to loss-intensity relations. Though grounded in observed cause-effect relationships, empirical vulnerability functions are not designed to predict the capacity of a building to withstand the physical impacts of a debris flow event, or the related uncertainties associated with modelling building performance as a function of variable debris flow parameters. This paper describes a methodology for developing functions that relate hazard intensity to probability of structural damage, i.e., fragility functions, rather than vulnerability functions, based on the combined hydrodynamic forces of a debris flow event (hazard level) and the inherent structural resistance of building typologies that are common in rural mountainous settings (building performance). Hazard level includes a hydrodynamic force variable (FDF), which accounts for the combined effects of debris flow depth and velocity, i.e. momentum flux (hv2), material density (?) and related flow characteristics including drag (Cd) and impact coefficient (Kd). Building performance is measured in terms of yield strength (Ay), ultimate lateral capacity (AU) and weight to breadth ratios (W/B) defined for a portfolio building types that are common in mountain settlements. Collectively, these model parameters are combined using probabilistic methods to produce building-specific fragility functions that describe the probability of reaching or exceeding successive thresholds of structural damage over a range of hazard intensity values, expressed in terms of momentum flux. Validation of the proposed fragility model is based on a comparison between model outputs and observed cause-effect relationships for recent debris flow events in South Korea and in Colombia. Debris flow impact momentum fluxes, capable of resulting in complete damage to unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) in those regions are estimated to be on the order of 24 m3/s2, consistent with field-based observations. Results of our study offer additional capabilities for assessing risks associated with urban growth and development in areas exposed to debris flow hazards. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Ítem Una herramienta para conocer el riesgo sísmico mundial(Universidad EAFIT, 2020-12-01) Martinez Guerrero, Christian Alexander; Martinez-Guerrero, Christian Alexander; Silva, Vitor; Amo Oduro, Desmond; Calderon, Alejandro; Costa, Catarina; Dabbeek, Jamal; Despotaki, Venetia; Martins, Luis; Pagani, Marco; Rao, Anirudh; Simionato, Michele; Viganò, Daniele; Yepes Estrada, Catalina; Acevedo, Ana; Crowley, Helen; Nick, Horspool; Kishor, Jaiswal; Murray, Journeay; Pittore, Massimiliano; Mecánica AplicadaÍtem Marginalization in the Colombian Criminal Law. Analysis and thoughts about pandemic context.(Universidad EAFIT, 2021-12-17) Luna Hernández, María Helena; Universidad de MedellínThis article will provide data on the Colombian social reality, with which it is intended to introduce the criminal development of the circumstances of punitive mitigation enshrined in article 56 of the Colombian Penal Code, whose common denominator lies in the phenomenon of marginalization, being this the phenomenon on which it will be deepened. Based on some proposals from Latin American jurists the need to develop criteria of criminal co-responsibility, that find an anchor between criminal dogmatics and the context of its application will be justified.Ítem Reconocimiento de la circunstancia de marginalidad en el código penal colombiano(Universidad EAFIT, 2019) Luna Hernández, María Helena; Sotomayor Acosta, Juan Oberto; Escobar Veléz,SusanaCriminal responsibility is a notion of crime that transcends the individual, extending the scope of reproach to the joint action of society and the State, while reducing or excluding the responsibility of the subject. The recognition of this shared responsibility is implicit in the circumstances of punitive attenuation enshrined in Article 56 of the Colombian Penal Code, whose common denominator lies in the phenomenon of marginality. This personal situation of the individual will determine the reproach to the devalued conduct, either because it is mitigated or exempted from criminal responsibility, which will depend on the concrete analysis of the circumstances of the individual in relation to his environment, that is, his scope of self-determination, their vulerability to be selected by the penal system, and the legitimacy of the State to demand a certain behavior in a specific case.