Examinando por Materia "SEMILLAS - PRUEBAS"

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    Evaluación de marcadores moleculares de cloroplasto y nucleares, para su uso en identificación molecular de germoplasmas de orquídeas
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2021) Londoño Lopera, Pablo Andrés; Villanueva Mejía, Diego Fernando
    Orchids are the most diverse and evolved group of flowering plants in the world; presenting specificity for pollination, water intake and associations with specific fungi to satisfy their nutritional needs. They are plants of great importance for the ecosystems they inhabit, since they contribute directly to its water regulation. In addition, they provide shelter and food for various organisms such as insects, birds, and mammals. Likewise, orchids are commercially important as ornamental and medicinal plants, as cut flower for export and for the extraction of essences such as vanilla. That is why when propagating and distributing them it is necessary to have them fully identified in order to adequately preserve the characteristics of the germplasms. Since it has been shown that the phenotypic characteristics are insufficient for the identification of these plants, this study was developed in order to evaluate the use of chloroplast molecular markers (MAT-K, YCF-1 and TRNL-TRNF) and nuclear (ITS) for the identification of different genera of orchids, in the seedling stage. In this research, PCR protocols were standardized for the molecular markers presented, in order to develop replicable techniques for the molecular identification of orchids. Identification at the genera level of the analyzed germplasms was carried out using the molecular marker TRNL-TRNF. In this way, scientific and technological knowledge is generated that helps the sustainable and responsible use of orchids at the national level.
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    Evaluación del proceso de extracción alcalina de bixina de semillas de achiote (Bixa orellana)
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2019) Isaza Jiménez, Isabel; Jaramillo Valencia, Tatiana; Palacio González, Guillermo León
    Bixin is a natural colored compound found in the seeds of annatto (Bixa orellana) which corresponds to the carotenoid present in bigger proportion and is of great interest for the chemical, cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industry [1],[2]. In this work the extraction of bixin from the seed of annatto was evaluated using three diluted bases: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and triethalonamine (TEA). It was determined that when the alkali of the extraction was varied the average yields were: 4.27 ± 0.12% (NaOH), 5.26 ± 0.31% (KOH) y 1.81 ± 0.16% (TEA). In addition, the purity degree was identified for each base, obtaining values of 1.95 ± 0.55 ppm, 2.05 ± 0.50 ppm y 1.74 ± 0.24 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, the extraction varying the state of the seed was studied, in order to determine the yield and purity of the obtained bixin. For this, KOH was used as the alkali according to previous results. This allowed to establish that the extraction processes starting with milled seed, allow larger yields that the ones achieved with whole seed. Obtaining average yield values of 35.36 ± 0.44% y 4.30 ± 0.12%, correspondingly. Additionally, the effect of the initial state of the seed on the purity value of the extracted metabolite was evaluated, registering concentrations of 0.80 ± 0.11 ppm (milled seed) y 0.99 ± 0.12 ppm (whole seed). This variation presented was not statistically significant, so the whole seed was considered as the ideal state for bixin extraction processes. The physicochemical characteristics of the metabolite were determined, obtaining a melting point of 220°C, a biomass percentage of 79.40% and a humidity percentage of 10.60%; developing research using instrumental technics of UV-Visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).