Examinando por Materia "Reforma tributaria"

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    Análisis de los fondos de pensiones obligatorias en el desarrollo y evolución del sistema financiero colombiano
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2019) Arcos Navarro, Viviana; Alegría, Caroline; Tellez Falla, Diego Fernando
    The following work has as main objective to carry out an analysis of the role that pension funds have in the development and evolution of the Colombian capital market, as direct agents in the investment management of the different assets traded therein, helping the dynamism and Stability of our developing economy. It will begin with a brief account of what the pension system is in Colombia, mentioning its evolution and the turn it had since the creation of Law 1328 of 2009 that allowed the creation of Multifunds. Subsequently, the growth they had from 2009 to May 2019 is analyzed in parallel with the evolution of the capital market. Finally, the main tax reforms that had an impact on the funds and their contribution to the generation of savings and investment will be examined.
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    Impacto de la reforma tributaria 2277 del año 2022 en la valoración financiera de Operlog S.A.S como empresa transportadora de Colombia
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2022) Ruiz Arenas, Daniel Steven; Duque Arboleda, Jonathan
    The tax reform approved in Colombia in 2022 (Law 2277) introduced substantial changes in the country's tax structure, directly impacting the profitability of companies, particularly those in sectors with high operating costs, such as cargo transportation. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of this reform on the financial valuation of Operlog S.A.S., a Colombian company specialized in logistics and transportation of pharmaceutical products, using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model. The analysis is based on the company's financial statements between 2019 and 2023, evaluating the effect of the reform on key indicators such as EBITDA, net income, operating margin, free cash flow (FCF) and return on invested capital (ROIC). The study also includes the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and terminal value, as well as a sensitivity analysis to examine various fiscal scenarios. In addition, a qualitative approach is incorporated through semi-structured interviews with company executives, which provides insight into their perceptions and tax adaptation strategies. The research results provide a comprehensive view of how tax reforms affect companies' ability to generate value and make strategic decisions. They also provide valuable guidance for internal policymaking in uncertain tax contexts.
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    La seguridad jurídica en el impuesto de renta en Colombia : periodo 2014 a 2020 : el caso de las personas naturales residentes
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2021) Velásquez Vélez, Victoria Stephanie; Montoya Brand, Mario Alberto
    Legal certainty is a fundamental principle and value of the rule of law. In Colombia it is important because it is a Constitutional and supranational principle, it generates stability, certainty and optimism in the internal order to comply with its regulations. In this paper, the income tax of a natural person residing in Colombia is analyzed, that is, a direct, mutable and optimal tax for tax collection, which directly affects the finances of people residing in Colombia. The period between the years 2014 to 2020 was selected, not only because of its relevance, but also because of the high number of tax reforms materialized in the laws 1739 of the year 2014, 1819 of the year 2016, 1943 of the year 2018 and 2010 of the year 2019. which would allow a better image of security or legal insecurity to be achieved. In order to achieve greater investigative rigor about the security or legal insecurity present in this set of reforms, the dogmatic methodology was used through which the laws of the four tax reforms were systematically analyzed. In particular, for each law the applicable content for a natural person was identified, the descriptive type and its respective scope were compared. Then, through Humberto Ávila's legal security assessment methodology, the degree of legal security was obtained in the income tax period 2014 to 2020 for a natural person residing in Colombia, for this the three indicators were taken (Cognizability, Calculability and Reliability) and each indicator was divided into four sub-parameters as follows: Cognizability (normative accessibility, normative scope, intellectual understanding of the rules, material understanding of the rules), Calculability (Lex stricta, Lex previa, Transition between tax reforms, firmness) and Reliability (Permanence, determined time, non-retroactivity of the law, effectiveness). The assessment of each indicator was obtained from the sum of the result of the assessment of their respective sub-parameters. The assessment of each subparameter was achieved through qualitative and quantitative qualification. Thus, this research concluded that the assessment of legal security in the natural person income tax in the country, resulted in legal uncertainty between the years 2014 to 2020, therefore, direct and indirect effects were generated against the taxpayers. The permanent mutation threatens the legal security expected by natural persons, a situation that violates the taxpayer's right with respect to legal security, due process, stability and simplicity of the tax system.