Examinando por Materia "RECURSOS NATURALES - ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS -COLOMBIA"

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    Dependencia fiscal y capacidades institucionales : impacto financiero e institucional diferencial de las regalías petroleras en los municipios de influencia de oleoducto Ocensa S.A. (2019-2023)
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Mariño Sánchez, Nolvis; Amaya Parada, Lina Costanza; García Jaramillo, Leonardo
    This article analyzes the effects of revenues from Colombia’s General System of Royalties (SGR) on institutional capacity and fiscal autonomy in 29 municipalities located within the area of influence of the OCENSA S.A. oil pipeline between 2019 and 2023. Using a mixedmethods approach with a qualitative emphasis, the study explores how dependence on extractive rents affects the planning, execution, and sustainability of local public finances. The findings reveal significant heterogeneity: while some municipalities exhibit administrative inefficiencies, fiscal fragility, and limited social transformation despite substantial royalties, others demonstrate relative progress in fiscal diversification and institutional performance. The article challenges the assumed correlation between extraordinary revenues and subnational state strengthening, arguing that the mere availability of resources does not ensure lasting improvements in governmental capacity. It concludes with policy recommendations to improve SGR allocation and oversight mechanisms, promote effective fiscal decentralization, reduce territorial disparities, and support sustainable local development.
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    Evaluación de alternativas fotovoltaicas para la descarbonización de la generación termoeléctrica en Colombia
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2025) Cárdenas Mejía, Cindy Lorena; Gutiérrez Mancilla, Dady Giselle; López Ayala, Tania Cecilia; Ortega Arango, Santiago; NA
    The energy sector is one of the main emitters of greenhouse gases, making its transformation crucial in addressing climate change. In Colombia, although the electricity matrix is primarily based on hydropower, coal-fired plants remain essential to support the system during droughts, especially under El Niño events. This reliance on coal poses a challenge to meeting the country’s climate commitments. This research assesses the feasibility of converting coal-fired power plants into solar photovoltaic generation. The analysis incorporates solar potential in strategic regions, the current conditions of the national electricity system, and international comparative experiences. The results show that, although there is a favorable perception of the energy transition and the use of photovoltaic sources, intermittency emerges as a weakness that affects acceptance and operational reliability. It is concluded that successful transitions require strategic planning, community participation, and labor reconversion to ensure a just transition. Likewise, socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions are decisive for the success of projects. The financial model developed shows that turning coal plants into to large-scale photovoltaic systems (>50 MW) is not currently viable under market conditions, although it improves significantly under scenarios of increased carbon tax and emission reduction certificates. These findings highlight the need for strong public policies and complementary technological solutions to enable the decarbonization of Colombia’s electricity sector.
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    Potencial de gas asociado al carbón en Colombia
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-14) Riaza Cañola, Juan Esteban; Bustamante Londoño, Camilo
    Coalbed methane is an unconventional source of gas that has the potential to diversify Colombia's energy matrix. Given the current deficit and future estimates, this resource becomes key, with 7.5 trillion cubic feet of potentially recoverable gas. This study sought to establish whether coalbed methane is a solution to the country's energy deficit. The study focused on analyzing the theoretical basis and key parameters for characterizing coalbed methane reservoirs, then examining the international landscape and geological potential in Colombia. Regions such as Cesar, La Guajira, and Boyacá were identified as the most attractive due to their potential. Despite this, the sector faces major challenges and delays in achieving commercial production. Preliminary studies show undersaturation in the gas content of coal. In addition, there are challenges such as structural complexity, hydrogeological uncertainty, a shortage of specialized data, and a lack of clear regulations. With all this in mind, it is established that, although the potential of coalbed methane is not an immediate solution, it is a future possibility conditioned by deep exploration, detailed characterization of the deposits, and the resolution of technical and legal challenges.