Examinando por Materia "Expectativas empíricas y normativas"

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    Percepciones y expectativas sociales frente al soborno en empresas de una alianza anticorrupción : un enfoque de normas sociales e innovación social
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2026-02-06) Mogollón Marín, Angélica; Palau Vasco, Jesús Alexander
    The prevention of bribery in the private sector has gained increasing relevance in corporate integrity agendas, particularly in contexts where interactions with public sector actors create complex ethical risk scenarios. Traditionally, organizational efforts have prioritized approaches centered on regulatory compliance, the strengthening of internal controls, and the adoption of regulatory frameworks. However, these instruments become limited when individual decisions are mediated by collective dynamics, shared perceptions, and social expectations that shape what is considered acceptable, expected, or tolerated within specific organizational and sectoral environments. From this perspective, understanding bribery solely as an individual deviation or as a problem of formal incentives limits the possibility of intervening in a structural manner. Contributions from social norms theory have broadened this understanding by situating ethical behavior at the intersection of personal beliefs, expectations about what others do (empirical expectations), and perceptions of what others approve or disapprove of (normative expectations). This approach recognizes that decisions do not occur in a vacuum but rather within social frameworks where conformity, reputation, hierarchy, and contextual pressures influence action. Consequently, efforts to strengthen organizational integrity require diagnostic approaches that go beyond declarative commitments and explore the social structures that sustain—or weaken—ethical behavior. Within this framework, social innovation applied to the business environment opens opportunities to design more comprehensive cultural change strategies. This implies not only identifying compliance gaps but also understanding behavioral patterns, zones of normative ambiguity, and tensions between individual moral judgment and perceived social expectations. Diagnosing these dynamics helps guide interventions that act upon the social mechanisms that reproduce practices, fostering environments in which integrity is also supported by shared consensus and aligned expectations. This study was conducted with private sector companies participating in an anti-corruption business alliance, whose sectors maintain frequent interaction with public sector entities. In line with the defined scope, the analysis focused on the sectors represented within the alliance, preserving the confidentiality of the organizations and avoiding their individual identification. This delimitation made it possible to explore sectoral patterns from a situated diagnostic perspective, without intending to generalize findings to the broader business universe. The general objective of the study was to map and understand behavioral patterns associated with bribery prevention—customs, descriptive norms, and social expectations—that influence decision-making processes among private sector actors interacting with the public sector, through an instrument based on vignettes and counterfactual scenarios. Specifically, the study aimed to: identify empirical and normative expectations that may condition ethical decisions; explore their potential effect on declared behavioral preferences; analyze variations according to the type of social pressure—prescriptive, proscriptive, or hierarchical—and the business sector; and examine the relationship between social expectations and the declared preference to act ethically, in order to identify social mechanisms that reinforce or weaken organizational integrity. Methodologically, the study employed vignettes and counterfactual scenarios as its central diagnostic tool, allowing the observation of judgments and declared preferences in simulated situations involving bribery risk. This approach made it possible to approximate social dimensions of behavior that rarely emerge through direct questioning, by placing participants in contextualized dilemmas where formal rules, social pressures, and practical considerations interact. Finally, given its exploratory and diagnostic scope, the analysis was not intended to determine the existence of consolidated social norms in a strict sense. Instead, it prioritized mapping shared perceptions and social expectations as signals regarding the strength, ambiguity, or fragmentation of normative references surrounding bribery prevention. These findings provide input for the formulation of recommendations aimed at cultural change, the strengthening of organizational integrity, and the design of social innovation strategies within the companies participating in the alliance.