Examinando por Materia "Central America"
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Ítem Análisis de la integración de mercado eléctricos: El caso de Centroamérica y oportunidades para Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2005-02-15) García, John J.; Rojas Martínez, Isabel Cristina; Velásquez Montoya, NataliaThe integration of the electric market in Central América began to consolidate with the implementation of different stabilizing politics achieving advances in the harmonization of the regulatory frameworks and the creation of institutions that help an adequate process. After establishing networks of bilateral interconnection among the countries, a line is being built, that permits to reach an integrate commerce, minimizing the possibility of crisis in the supply, taking advantage of the complementarity in the energy generation form, competitive prices by the decrease in costs and confidence in the supply. All theses factors could be exploited by Colombia to consolidate its position as exporting country of electricity. Key words:Ítem Análisis de pre-factibilidad de un hub de distribución en Centro América, para el Negocio Café (Grupo Nutresa)(Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Torres Porras, Oscar Iván; Tobar Guinand, José MauricioÍtem Comment on ‘Petrotectonic characteristics, geochemistry, and U–Pb geochronology of Jurassic plutons in the Upper Magdalena Valley-Colombia: Implications on the evolution of magmatic arcs in the NW Andes’ by Rodríguez et al. (2018)(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019-11-01) Bustamante C.; Cardona A.; Bustamante A.; Vanegas J.; Bustamante C.; Cardona A.; Bustamante A.; Vanegas J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y Tectónica[No abstract available]Ítem Foraminifera and coccolithophorid assemblage changes in the Panama Basin during the last deglaciation: Response to sea-surface productivity induced by a transient climate change(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2006-05-03) Martinez, Ignacio; Rincon, Daniel; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Barrows, Timothy; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarThe responses of community assemblages of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera and coccolithophorids to transient climate change are explored for the uppermost 2 m of cores ODP677B (1.2°N; 83.74°W, 3461 m) and TR163-38 (1.34°S; 81.58°W, 2200 m), for the last ~ 40 ka. Results suggest that the deglaciation interval was a time of increased productivity and a major reorganization of planktonic trophic webs. The succession in dominance between the planktonic foraminifera species Globorotalia inflata, Globigerina bulloides, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma denote four periods of oceanographic change: (1) advection (24-20 ka), (2) strong upwelling (20-15 ka), (3) weak upwelling (14-8 ka) and (4) oligotrophy (8 ka to present). Strong upwelling for the deglaciation interval is supported by the low Florisphaera profunda/other coccolithophorids ratio and the high percentage abundance of Gephyrocapsa oceanica. Benthonic foraminifera assemblage changes are different in both cores and suggest significant regional variations in surface productivity and/or oxygen content at the seafloor, and a decoupling between surface productivity and export production to the seafloor. This decoupling is evidenced by the inverse relationship between the percentage abundance of infaunal benthonic foraminifera and the percentage abundance of N. pachyderma. The terrigenous input of the Colombian Pacific rivers, particularly the San Juan River, is suggested as a possible mechanism. Finally, the Globorotalia cultrata/Neogloboquadrina dutertrei ratio is used to reconstruct the past influence of the Costa Rica Dome-Panama Bight and cold tongue upwelling systems in the Panama Basin. A northern influence is suggested for the late Holocene (after 5 ka) and the last glacial (before 20 ka), whereas a southern influence is suggested for the 20-5 ka interval. There is a correspondence between our reconstructed northern and southern influences and previously proposed positions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ítem Initial responses to COVID-19 by four Central American governments(Universidad EAFIT, 2021-12) Díaz-González, José AndrésThe article reviews the initial responses to the Covid-19 pandemic of Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Panama. Using official documents, the characteristics of the responses that these governments execute during the first semester of 2020 are identified and compared. It is concluded that, although governments mainly develop biosafety measures, there are differences in the strategies adopted, possibly motivated by the prevailing social, political, and economic characteristics in those countries. The governments of these countries seem to be influenced to follow the recommendations issued by international organizations by the lack of information about the COVID-19 pandemic, without interest to review these measures according to the characteristics of their countries.Ítem Late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Panama Basin: Palynological evidence from marine cores ODP 677B and TR 163-38(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2006-05-03) Gonzalez, C; Urrego, LE; Martinez, JI; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarThe Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental history from Pacific slopes of the western Andes is reconstructed by pollen analysis of 32 samples from two marine sediment cores from the Panama Basin, eastern equatorial Pacific: core ODP 677B (83°44.2200' W, 1°12.1440' N, 3473 m water depth) is 185 cm long and spans the last 39,410 years, core TR 163-38 (81.583° W, 1.337° N, 2200 m water depth) is 103 cm long and covers the last 17,380 years. Six ecological groups were established: mangrove, brackish and fresh water swamps, terra firma lowland forests, broad range taxa, Andean forests, and open vegetation. A good correspondence was found between the changes of these ecological groups in the two cores. The records evidence the continuous presence of all vegetation types during the last 39,410 years and specially the uninterrupted occurrence of tropical rain forest. They record a development from: (1) a cold and humid phase (39,410-28,120 yr cal BP) with moderately high sea levels, (2) the coldest and driest phase in the record (28,120-14,500 yr cal BP) accompanied by the lowest sea levels, (3) a transitional phase when sea level rose and humid conditions dominated, (4) a stage (11,300-5600 yr cal BP) of the highest sea levels and moisture conditions including a drier period ~7000 yr BP, to (5) a final period (5600 yr cal BP-Present) when sea level reached its present height, humidity persisted, and indicators of disturbance expanded. Peaks in pollen and spore concentration, associated with high river discharge periods, indicate periods of higher precipitation around 33,500, 28,000 and 12,000-9000 yr cal BP. Although main vegetation responses seem to reflect rainfall and moisture variations, a good correspondence was found between d18O values and percentages of Andean and lowland pollen, suggesting that vegetation also responded to tempearture changes. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ítem The rock coast of South and Central America(Geological Society of London, 2014-05-24) Blanco-Chao, R.; Pedoja, K.; Witt, C.; Martinod, J.; Husson, L.; Regard, V.; Audin, L.; Nexer, M.; Delcaillau, B.; Saillard, M.; Melnick, D.; Dumont, J.F.; Santana, E.; Navarrete, E.; Martillo, C.; Pappalardo, M.; Ayala, L.; Araya, J.F.; Feal-Pérez, A.; Correa, D.; Arozarena-Llopis, I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarThe great variety of climatic conditions, tidal ranges and wave regimes of South and Central America act on a complex geology and tectonic framework. Many of the rock and cliffed coasts of South America are strongly controlled by the occurrence of extensive Cenozoic and Pleistocene sediments that crop out at the coast. Geology and the different uplift rates are a major factor in the whole coastal geomorphology of South and Central America, and consequently are a very important control of the processes and landforms of rock coasts. This chapter covers several aspects of the rock coast of South and Central America, with special attention to the combination of tectonic movements and Quaternary Pleistocene-Holocene sea-level changes. © The Geological Society of London 2014.