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Expanding level of coastal armouring: Case studies from different countries
(COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION, 2011-01-01) Stancheva, M.; Rangel-Buitrago, N.; Anfuso, G.; Palazov, A.; Stanchev, H.; Correa, I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería; Ciencias del Mar
Concreting the natural shoreline by use of traditional hard protective structures, as well as by port/harbour developments is commonly known as coastal armouring. Over the recent decades the expanding level of coastline hardening and its adverse impacts on the environment has arisen as one of the most critical problems all over the world. Therefore, our goal in this study was to demonstrate the crucial issue of progressive extent of technogenous coastal occupation by two case studies from different countries in Europe and in South America: Bulgaria and Colombia. To assess direct impact of armouring on the coastline and adjacent areas two case areas were selected for detailed investigation: an 18 km long coastline of the large Varna Bay (Bulgarian Black Sea coast) and 349 km long littoral of the Cartagena municipality (Caribbean coastline of Colombia). An indicative coastal segmentation of the both case sites by geomorphologic and engineering criteria was first implemented in GIS environment. As well as, for quantitative assessment of the influence of all maritime structures (port and coast-protection) on the studied coasts the coefficient of technogenous impact K was explored. A GIS methodology was applied for data processing, mapping the natural landforms/structures and to evaluate the technogenous impact on the both coastlines. The identified high extent of impacts due to built hard defence structures along the selected study areas in Bulgaria and Colombia could be considered as indicative of the large technogenous occupation of the coasts and the increasing level of shoreline armouring as a global issue.
Predicción de las magnitudes de retroceso de algunos sectores acantilados de Antioquia en condiciones de ascenso del nivel del mar – Resultados para el sector de Arboletes
(Sociedad Colombiana de Ingeniería, 2012-08-08) Paniagua, Juan F.; Correa-Arango, Ivan D.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería; Ivan D. Correa-Arango (icorrea@.eafit.edu.co); Juan Felipe Paniagua (jpaniag2@eafit.edu.co); Ciencias del Mar
Sea-level rise related impacts are required for coastal management, especially within littoral fringes with active tectonics and presence of strategic ecosystems likewise Colombian southern Caribbean. “Worst” scenarios predict a sea-level rise for 2100 circa 2 m above level of 1990. Among this context, retreat magnitudes prediction of littoral cliffs of Antioquia, formed along several sectors by soft rocks, is a primary element for medium-large term planning of the region. Considering this, possible shoreline positions along three critical sectors within Antioquia’s coast for 50 years in the future are presented (Arboletes and Turbo towns) and Los Córdobas – Puerto Rey sector (Córdoba department). For the Arboletes sector, considered as the most critical based on population density and present infrastructure, results for 2059 indicate the following: 1) Assuming a constant sea-level rise rate of +2.32 mm/yr (present value), mean shoreline retreat to 2059 would be –64 m. 2) Assuming a sea-level rise rate of +7 mm/yr, mean retreat distances would be about 134 m. 3) Assuming a sea-level rise rate of +22 mm/yr, mean shoreline retreat distances would be 200 m. Mean shoreline retreat distances between 64 and 200 m to 2059 are related to primary magnitude impacts over present infrastructure of Arboletes sector (downtown structures, access roads from Montería and towards Necoclí towns) and also the associated marine inundation of natural drainages, primarily Jobo and Arboletes rivers. Similar results could be shown for the other sectors considered within this study
The perils of human activity on South American deltas: Lessons from Colombia's experience with soil erosion
(INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2013-01-01) Restrepo A., Juan D.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería; Ciencias del Mar
The Andean drainage basins of Colombian deltas exhibit a very delicate variety of ecosystems and environments along its prolonged trajectory, which has made it particularly vulnerable to the onslaught of modernity and human activity. While the increasing intensity of natural disasters in tropical areas is often blamed on global warming, the causes might not be as intractable. Soil erosion and deforestation, both caused by unrestrained human activity, can affect deltas more profoundly. Many anthropogenic influences, including deforestation, an agriculture and pasture increase by 75%, poor soil conservation and mining practices, may have accounted for the overall increasing trends of sediment transport from rivers to Colombian deltas. According to our recent study of human activities in terms of deforestation, 32% of the observed variance in sediment transport from the Magdalena River to its delta could be explained by deforestation. Thus, the amount of sediment transported by the Magdalena to its delta plain, approximately 50 Mt annually, is probably due to deforestation. Also, the Patia River in the Pacific coast has witnessed an increase in sediment transport by 45% during the last decade, an increase mainly accounted for by deforestation. Drawing from Colombia's experience with man-made ecological modifications, this paper offers a preliminary discussion on the implications of human pressure on fluvial ecosystems and their deltas, with the hope that this information will better equip citizens and policymakers across the developing world. Copyright © 2013 IAHS Press.
Simple-1: Development stage of the data transmission system for a solid propellant mid-power rocket model
(IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017-01-01) Yarce A.; Sebastián Rodríguez J.; Galvez J.; Gómez A.; García M.J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Bioiversidad, Evolución y Conservación
This paper presents the development stage of a communication module for a solid propellant mid-power rocket model. The communication module was named. Simple-1 and this work considers its design, construction and testing. A rocket model Estes Ventris Series Pro II® was modified to introduce, on the top of the payload, several sensors in a CanSat form factor. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed and fabricated from Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components and assembled in a cylindrical rack structure similar to this small format satellite concept. The sensors data was processed using one Arduino Mini and transmitted using a radio module to a Software Defined Radio (SDR) HackRF based platform on the ground station. The Simple-1 was tested using a drone in successive releases, reaching altitudes from 200 to 300 meters. Different kind of data, in terms of altitude, position, atmospheric pressure and vehicle temperature were successfully measured, making possible the progress to a next stage of launching and analysis. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Design, construction and testing of a data transmission system for a mid-power rocket model
(IEEE Computer Society, 2017-01-01) Botero, A.Y.; Rodríguez, J.S.; Serna, J.G.; Gómez, A.; García, M.J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Bioiversidad, Evolución y Conservación
This paper presents the continuation of a previous work in the development of a communication module for a solid propellant mid-power rocket model named "Simple-1" mission. It considered the design, construction, and testing procedures related to the data transmission protocol and its data rate. The current phase considers the antenna's optimization, launching, and data analysis on-flight. In the actual optimization step, the antenna components were modified to increase the gain. A rocket model Estes Ventris Series Pro II® was used to carry in the payload section a communication module with several sensors in a CanSat form factor. The collected data was processed using an Arduino Mini micro-controller and transmitted using a radio module (Radiometrix) to a software defined radio (SDR) HackRF-based platform on the ground station. The printed circuit boards (PCBs) were designed and manufactured from commercial off the shelf (COTS) and assembled in a cylindrical rack structure similar to this small format satellite concept. The Simple-1 was tested with the help of a wind tunnel to validate the behavior of the antenna's subsystem and was proved in several launches using solid propellant motors reaching altitudes from 500-700 meters. Different experimental data such as altitude, position, atmospheric pressure, and vehicle temperature were successfully captured and analyzed. This demonstrates that it is possible to develop low cost near space activities, gradually installing capabilities in a teamwork. In this developing stage, the techniques to design and manufacture two layers PCB were appropriated by traditional circuit board etching methods. In addition, the SDR technology was studied and implemented for the telemetry architecture. The use of surface mounting devices (SMD) offers an alternative to reduce the volume of the module. In the future, it is expected to have more advances in the stability of the communication protocols, robust hardware manufacturing, and integration of electronic circuits in four-layer PCB, in order to contribute to the access to space in our region and local aerospace industry developments. © 2017 IEEE.
HIPAE helicopter-borne in-situ pollution assessment experiment: Plataforma alternativa para la medición de contaminantes en capas verticales
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019-01-01) Botero A.Y.; Florez J.; Duque J.F.; Rendon A.; Lopez-Restrepo S.; Pinel N.; Quintero O.L.; Oquinte1@eafit.edu.co; Rodriguez J.S.; Galvez J.; Lopera D.V.; Montilla E.; Marulanda J.I.; Isaza C.; Lainez M.L.A.; Zapata A.F.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Bioiversidad, Evolución y Conservación
Estuarine Light Attenuation Modelling Towards Improved Management of Coastal Fisheries
(SPRINGER, 2019-01-01) Tosic M.; Martins F.; Lonin S.; Izquierdo A.; Restrepo J.D.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería; Ciencias del Mar
The ecosystem function of local fisheries holds great societal importance in the coastal zone of Cartagena, Colombia, where coastal communities depend on artisanal fishing for their livelihood and health. These fishing resources have declined sharply in recent decades partly due to issues of coastal water pollution. Mitigation strategies to reduce pollution can be better evaluated with the support of numerical hydrodynamic models. To model the hydrodynamics and water quality in Cartagena Bay, significant consideration must be dedicated to the process of light attenuation, given its importance to the bay’s characteristics of strong vertical stratification, turbid surface water plumes, algal blooms and hypoxia. This study uses measurements of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chlorophyll-a (Chla) and Secchi depth monitored in the bay monthly over a 2-year period to calculate and compare the short-wave light extinction coefficient (Kd) according to nine different equations. The MOHID-Water model was used to simulate the bay’s hydrodynamics and to compare the effect of three different Kd values on the model’s ability to reproduce temperature profiles observed in the field. Simulations using Kd values calculated by equations that included TSS as a variable produced better results than those of an equation that included Chla as a variable. Further research will focus on evaluating other Kd calculation methods and comparing these results with simulations of different seasons. This study contributes valuable knowledge for eutrophication modelling which would be beneficial to coastal zone management in Cartagena Bay. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Observations of bed elevation changes at Cape Canaveral shoals
(World Scientific Publishing, 2019-05-01) Paniagua, J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería; Ciencias del Mar
Standardized Approaches for Assessing Metagenomic Contig Binning Performance from Barnes-Hut t-Stochastic Neighbor Embeddings
(SPRINGER, 2020-01-01) Ceballos J.; Ariza-Jiménez L.; Pinel N.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Bioiversidad, Evolución y Conservación
The performance of unsupervised methods for metagenomic binning is often assessed using simulated microbial communities. The lack of well-characterized evaluation protocols and approaches to community construction cognizant of biological realities impedes the rigorous assessment and standardization of the binning process. This work attempted to standardize performance evaluation using benchmark communities constructed according to the genome similarity metric Average Amino Acid identity. This approach allowed us to extend and deepen our previous research on the unsupervised binning of metagenomic sequence fragments based on low-dimensional embeddings of pentamer frequency profiles. Experimental results evidenced our method’s potential for the binning of metagenomic contigs to become an alternative to state-of-the-art methods such as MetaCluster 3.0. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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