Examinando por Autor "Posada, Carlos E."
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Ítem Congestión vehicular en Medellín: una posible solución desde la Economía(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-08-01) García, John J.; Posada, Carlos E.; Corrales, Alejandro; jgarcia@eafit.edu.co; cposad25@eafit.edu.co; acorral5@eafit.edu.coAccording to the Economic theory, prices are the most accurate mechanism to solution the traffic congestion problem in urban areas. This article presents a diagnosis on the mobility issue in the city of Medellín (Colombia) and a solution is proposed based on Economic theory. The household expenditures in transportation and the choice between public and private transport were analyzed through the method of elasticity. Evidence has been found proving that the prices mechanism is an efficient mechanism to disincentive the usage of private vehicles, since a rise in the expenditure in transport (due to an hypothetic intra- urban toll) results in a lower probability to use private vehicle and a higher probability to use public transportation.Ítem ¿Es conveniente una autoridad monetaria “blanda”?(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-08-01) Posada, Carlos E.; Villca, Alfredo; cposad25@eafit.edu.co; avillca@eafit.edu.coWithin the framework of the so-called “inflation targeting” strategy there is a discussion about the convenience for a society as to the degree of “hardness” of a monetary authority looking to defend its inflation target, and the credibility that this authority enjoys between the private agents about it. In this paper we use a neo-Keynesian stochastic dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with both rational and adaptive expectations to answer this question. Our results suggest that the social problem that can be derived from a “soft” authority is that it risks losing credibility in its effort to reach a certain inflation target. In addition, we present and use a solution of the rational expectations version of the model simple enough to allow its simulations to be performed using a spreadsheet.Ítem Explaining economic growth in developed economies after 1980(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-08-01) Ballesteros, Carlos; Posada, Carlos E.; cballes4@eafit.edu.co; cposad25@eafit.edu.coWe use the Aguion and Howitt (2009) theoretical model of endogenous economic growth to explain the declining economic growth in developed economies in the period 1981-2009. Aguion and Howitt theoretical framework combines Solownian and Schumpeterian elements in a single scenario, so that labor-augmenting technological progress and capital accumulation per efficiency unit of labor are both caused not only by exogenous changes in the investment rate but also by shocks to the degree of efficiency in the Research and Development (R&D) expenditure process. Empirical results revealed that per worker output growth rates and capital stock per efficiency unit of labor growth rates both have a common panel unit root. Since the panel cointegration tests and estimates revealed a statistical significant negative long-run relationship between per worker output growth rate and capital stock per efficiency unit of labor, the interpretation of the econometric results analized from the Aguion and Howitt ́s theoretical perspective is that labor-augmenting technological progress is endogenously falling over time mainly because of an exogenous deterioration of the environment conditions for the transformation of the investment rate and R&D expenditures in technological progress.Ítem La Macroeconomía dinámica: un modelo numérico didáctico(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-01-25) Posada, Carlos E.; cposad25@eafit.edu.coTeaching Dynamic Macroeconomics at undergraduate university courses relies exclusively on intuitive prose and graphics depicting behaviors and steady states of the main markets of the economy. But when the case of "forward-looking" agents and the macroeconomic implications of their actions are discussed, a priori intuitions and graphical representations offered to students may be misleading and may lead to confusing or unsupported conclusions. This happens even if the professor and his students use the chapter of Dynamic Macroeconomics of one of the most didactic and ordered texts ever published: Williamson (2014). In this paper I try to show this assertion.