Examinando por Autor "Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo"
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Ítem Can IPR Affect MNE’s Entry Modes? The Chilean Case(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-10-30) Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Castro Peñarrieta, Luis; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coThis paper analyzes the effect of stronger Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the entry modes chosen by MNEs in the Chilean market. MNEs can choose between exporting, introducing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and licensing to a domestic firm in Chile. We use plant-level data for the 2001–2007 and exploite the exogenous reform of IPR in Chile in 2005 to examine the effect of the change in IPR on the overall foreign presence in Chile, controlling for the activities of industries where high levels of technology transfer and imitation are important factors. The main results show that stronger IPR change the mode of entry chosen by MNEs. In this case, FDI is replaced by licensing. This is explained by Chile’s high absorptive capacity during this period. Moreover, we test whether this effect differs across high-tech and low-tech industries and conclude that the displacement of FDI is less severe in high-tech industries.Ítem Can Licensing Induce Productivity? Exploring the IPR Effect(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-10-30) Castro Peñarrieta, Luis; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coLicensing is one of the main channels for technology transfer from foreignowned multinational enterprises (MNEs) to domestic plants. This transfer occurs within industries and across industries, which results in technology spillovers that can affect both intra- and inter-industry productivity. We propose a theoretical model that predicts that this effect can be enhanced by the implementation of stronger intelectual property rights (IPR). Using Chilean plant-level data for the 2001–2007 period and exogenous variation from a reform in 2005, we test our theoretical predictions and find positive inter-industry effects, which result in higher productivity for domestic plants. However, there are negative spillovers when licensing is implemented within the same industry. We also test for the effect of stronger IPR and find that stronger IPR reduces intra-sector spillovers but increases inter-industry spillovers. Moreover, the IPR effect is stronger on firms that are, on average, smaller and have low productivity. Our results are robust not only to a series of definitions of IPR, licensing and productivity but also to a set of different specifications.Ítem Estimating the Impacts of Bolivia’s Protected Areas on Poverty(Elsevier, 2013) Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Hanaueronly, Merlin M.; Universidad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia; Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, USA; Escuela de Economía y Finanzas; Economía; Estudios en Economía y EmpresaBolivia has experienced a rapid proliferation of protected areas over the past several decades. Using rich biophysical and socioeconomic data, we estimate the impacts of Bolivia’s protected areas on poverty between 1992 and 2001. We find no evidence that the establishment of protected areas exacerbated poverty. In fact, we provide robust estimates indicating that communities affected by protected areas exhibited differentially greater levels of poverty reduction as compared to similar unaffected communities. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that environmental conservation does not necessarily come at the expense of local communities.Ítem Expansión de la educación superior y sus efectos en matriculación y migración: evidencia de Colombia(CEDE, Universidad de los Andes, 2015) Ospina Londoño, Mónica; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Bohórquez, Santiago; Cuartas, Daniel; Universidad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia; Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia; IZA, Bonn, Alemania; Tilburg University, Tilburg, Holanda. Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia; Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Economía y Finanzas; Economía; Estudios en Economía y EmpresaÍtem Low Test Scores in Latin America: Poor Schools, Poor Families, or Something Else?(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-06-19) Breton, Theodore R.; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; tbreton@eafit.edu.co; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coLatin American students consistently score low on international tests of cognitive skills. In the PISA 2012 results, students in seven Latin American countries had an average score of 395, or about 100 points lower than the average score of 497 in four Scandinavian countries. We examine why Latin American scores are lower and conclude that 50 points are explained by Latin American families’ lower average educational and socioeconomic characteristics, 25 points are explained by Latin America’s weak cultural orientation toward reading books, and the remaining 25 points are explained by the lower effectiveness of educational systems in teaching cognitive skills.Ítem Outliers in semi-parametric Estimation of Treatment Effects(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-10-30) Ugarte Ontiveros, Darwin; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Castro Peñarrieta, Luis; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coAverage treatment effects estimands can present significant bias under the presence of outliers. Moreover, outliers can be particularly hard to detect, creating bias and inconsistency in the semi-parametric ATE estimads. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that semi-parametric methods, such as matching, are biased in the presence of outliers. Bad and good leverage points outliers are considered. The bias arises because bad leverage points completely change the distribution of the metrics used to define counterfactuals. Whereas good leverage points increase the chance of breaking the common support condition and distort the balance of the covariates and which may push practitioners to misspecify the propensity score. We provide some clues to diagnose the presence of outliers and propose a reweighting estimator that is robust against outliers based on the Stahel-Donoho multivariate estimator of scale and location. An application of this estimator to LaLonde (1986) data allows us to explain the Dehejia and Wahba (2002) and Smith and Todd (2005) debate on the inability of matching estimators to deal with the evaluation problem.Ítem Standard Error Correction in Two-Stage Optimization Models: A Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-05-01) Rios-Avila, Fernando; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coFollowing Wooldridge (2014), we discuss and implement in Stata an efficient maximum likelihood approach to the estimation of corrected standard errors of two-stage optimization models. Specifically, we compare the robustness and efficiency of this estimate using different non-linear routines already implemented in Stata such as ivprobit, ivtobit, ivpoisson, heckman, and ivregress.Ítem Unemployed, Now What? The Effect of Immigration on Unemployment Transitions of Native-born Workers in the United States(Universidad EAFIT, 2016-08-01) Rios-Avila, Fernando; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coAlthough one would expect the unemployed to be the population most likely affected by immigration, most of the studies have concentrated on investigating the effects immigration has on the employed population. Little is known of the effects of immigration on labor market transitions out of unemployment. Using the basic monthly Current Population Survey from 2001 and 2013 we match data for individuals who were interviewed in two consecutive months and identify workers who transition out of unemployment. We employ a multinomial model to examine the effects of immigration on the transition out of unemployment, using state-level immigration statistics. The results suggest that immigration does not affect the probabilities of native-born workers finding a job. Instead, we find that immigration is associated with smaller probabilities of remaining unemployed, but it is also associated with higher probabilities of workers leaving the labor force. This effect impacts mostly young and less educated people.Ítem An Uphill Battle: The Relationship Between Geography and Terrorism(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-09-25) Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Montoya-Agudelo, Alejandra; Bedoya-Maya, Felipe; gcanavir@eafit.edu.co; amonto23@eafit.edu.co; fbedoya2@eafit.edu.coRegarding the effect of geography on social violent behavior, this study introduces the idea that Geographic Fragmentation is associated with more terrorism, given its close relationship with the role of the government and socioeconomic conditions of people. We consider a panel of 128 countries between 1971 and 2005 using count data methodologies. This allows us to provide robust evidence for a consistent effect, even when different controls are included. Our baseline estimate indicates that one country with a 1% higher measure of Geographic Fragmentation is associated with an increment of 1.38 in the number of terrorist attacks on average.