El capitalismo monopólico durante la Alemania nazi y la violación a los derechos humanos
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2019-03-26
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Universidad EAFIT
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Este artículo sostiene que la exacerbación autoritaria y totalitaria del capitalismo, en la primera mitad del siglo xx, tuvo su origen en la crisis experimentada por el capitalismo de libre mercado, debido a dinámicas propias de la sociedad liberal. El resultado fue una masiva violación de los derechos humanos liberales que habían posibilitado la consolidación y legitimación del propio capitalismo de libre mercado. De esta manera, en el texto se esboza que a la sociedad liberal moderna le es inherente una tendencia autoritaria, vinculada a la dinámica inestable y propensa tendencia a la crisis de la reproducción del capital. Este rasgo estructural es ilustrado con los debates de la Escuela de Frankfurt sobre el fin del capitalismo liberal. Y dentro de este horizonte general, se sigue con especial detalle el análisis crítico que Franz Neumann realiza, en tensión con “la tesis del capitalismo de Estado” de Friedrich Pollock, sobre el devenir totalitario de la República de Weimar.
This paper argues that the authoritarian and totalitarian exacerbation of capitalism, in the first half of the 20th century, originated in the crisis experienced by free market capitalism, due to the dynamics of the liberal society. The result was a massive violation of liberal human rights that had enabled the consolidation and legitimation of free market capitalism itself. Thus, the text suggests that an authoritarian tendency, linked to the unstable dynamics and the tendency to crisis of capital reproduction, is inherent to modern liberal society. This structural feature is illustrated through the debates at the Frankfurt School on the end of liberal capitalism. Within this general horizon, the paper gives special consideration to the critical analysis carried out by Franz Neumann, in tension with Friedrich Pollock's "state capitalism" thesis on the totalitarian transformation of the Weimar Republic.
This paper argues that the authoritarian and totalitarian exacerbation of capitalism, in the first half of the 20th century, originated in the crisis experienced by free market capitalism, due to the dynamics of the liberal society. The result was a massive violation of liberal human rights that had enabled the consolidation and legitimation of free market capitalism itself. Thus, the text suggests that an authoritarian tendency, linked to the unstable dynamics and the tendency to crisis of capital reproduction, is inherent to modern liberal society. This structural feature is illustrated through the debates at the Frankfurt School on the end of liberal capitalism. Within this general horizon, the paper gives special consideration to the critical analysis carried out by Franz Neumann, in tension with Friedrich Pollock's "state capitalism" thesis on the totalitarian transformation of the Weimar Republic.