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Ítem Retailer Electricity Market Price in Colombia(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019-01-01) Rendon, J.J.G.; Giraldo, M.C.; Ceballos, H.V.; Rendon, J.J.G.; Giraldo, M.C.; Ceballos, H.V.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)We analyze the main determinants of end user retail price according to characteristic of the Colombian electricity market, considering some key variables that determine the end user retail price. From the industrial organization approach, and using a panel data model, we analyze the influence of the vertical integration of the companies that participate in the electricity market on the regulated retail tariff, we control by network restrictions and by external factors such as the El Niño phenomenon. Based on the results found in the estimates, we propose a discussion on the current structure of the Colombian electricity market and a possible solution through prepaid electricity and smart meters that can provide better energy efficiency of the demand-side. © 2019 IEEE.Ítem Analyzing Long-Term Availability of Urban Green Space by Socioeconomic Status in Medellin, Colombia, Using Open Data and Tools(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020-01-01) Patino J.E.; Patino J.E.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)The availability of green spaces is an important issue for urban populations worldwide, given the benefits that the green spaces provide for health, well-being, and quality of life. But urban green spaces are not always distributed equally for different population groups within cities. Latin America is the second most urbanized region of the world, but there are few published studies analysing the green space availability for different urban population groups, and less so analysing the long-term trends. This work presents an analysis of long-term availability of urban green spaces by different socioeconomic status population groups in Medellin city, Colombia, using open geospatial data and open software tools. The results indicate that disparities between different groups have been decreasing in the last years, but there are still efforts to do. Showing this kind of analysis based on open data and tools is essential as it opens the possibility for replicating it in other cities with scarce budgets. © 2020 IEEE.