Examinando por Autor "Canavire, Gustavo"
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Ítem Does financial development promotes innovation in developing economies? An Empirical Analysis(Universidad EAFIT, 2015-01-01) Aristizabal, María; Botero, Maria; Canavire, Gustavo; marist19@eafit.edu.co; mbotero7@eafit.edu.co; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coUsing firm-level data from 2006 to 2013 for a set of developing countries, we examine the effects of financial development on innovation. Financial development boosts innovation by improving resource allocation and investment toward strategic sectors as well as facilitating technology to promote growth. Using binary response models as well as instrumental variable techniques to correct for endogeneity, we find robust but puzzling results. Contrary to most existing literature, financial development has a negative effect on the probability of a firm to innovate. The effect is conditional on firm size, and only larger firms are the ones that benefit from financial development. These results are robust to different measures of financial development. We argue that this is a result of the design of the financial system in regards to the lack of capital and the institutional system. Consequently, developing countries should first generate appropiate insitutional conditions if they want financial development to spur growth through innovation.Ítem Intellectual property rights, foreign direct investment and the shadow economy(Universidad EAFIT, 2012-06-08) Canavire, Gustavo; Saravia, Antonio; Rios-Avila, Fernando; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coThe relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and foreign direct investment (FDI) continues to pose a challenging puzzle. While several studies have found that these two variables are positively correlated, others have not been able to find conclusive results or have found that the relationship is actually negative. We contend that a partial explanation of these contradictory results resides on institutional differences among host countries. We find that increases in IPR protection encourage FDI in countries in which the shadow (informal) economy represents a relatively small percentage of the country’s economy but it does not produce the same result in countries in which that percentage is relatively large. The size of the shadow economy is determined, in turn, by the quality of institutional variables such as the degree of bureaucracy, the level of corruption, and the extent of confiscatory taxation and political instability. We present empirical evidence supporting the results of our theoretical framework using threshold regression techniques on a sample of 94 countries and data for the 2000 - 2005 period.Ítem Intrahousehold Time Allocation: An Impact Evaluation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs(Universidad EAFIT, 2015-08-10) Canavire, Gustavo; Ospina, Mónica; gcanavir@eafit.edu.co; mospina6@eafit.edu.coThis paper argues that exogenous changes in household income alter the allocation of time within the family. To examine this issue, we propose a theoretical framework that is an extension of the unitary model of intra-household time allocation where conditional cash transfers are received by the household and we test it empirically using non-parametric techniques. This allows us to study the effects of an exogenous shock, such as a conditional cash transfer program, on time allocated to various activities such as work, domestic labor, leisure, and school for children and adults. Using the exogenous change of a conditional cash transfer program in Colombia, "Familias en Accion", we find significant positive effects on work time as well as on leisure and school for children and smaller effects on adult schooling and domestic labor, which support our hypothesis. These results are crucial to fully understand other direct and indirect effects of the program.Ítem Matching laboral: Una aproximación emprírica y metodológica(Universidad EAFIT, 2013-12-01) Hurtado Rendón, Álvaro Arturo; Velásquez, Hermilson; Canavire, Gustavo; Rubiano, Luisa Fernanda; Isaza, EstebanSe estudia y analiza el matching laboral de las personas adscritas al programa de Medellín solidaria. De esta forma se caracterizó la población de Medellín Solidaria en función de su oferta laboral y se realizaron análisis comparativos con la demanda laboral de la ciudad de Medellín de manera indirecta, teniendo en cuenta escenarios posibles del mercado laboral caracterizados mediante geo-referenciación. Se encontró que la educación técnica y tecnológica es la que presenta los efectos marginales más elevados para esta población y, además que existe niveles de discriminación en contra de las mujeres. Es así como un hombre y una mujer de iguales características e igual nivel de educación al realizar el ejercicio de matching laboral muestra que existe una probabilidad mayor de empleo en favor de los hombres.Ítem On the Determinants of Changes in Wage Inequality in Bolivia(Universidad EAFIT, 2015-03-01) Canavire, Gustavo; Ríos, Fernando; gcanavir@eafit.edu.co; friosavi@levy.orgIn recent years, Bolivia has experienced a series of economic and political transformations that have directly affected the labor markets, particularly the salaried urban sector. Real wages have shown strong increases across the distribution, while also presenting a decrease in inequality. Using an intertemporal decomposition approach, we find evidence that changes in demographic and labor market characteristics can explain only a small portion of the observed inequality decline. Instead, the results indicate that the decline in wage inequality was driven by the faster wage growth of usually low-paid jobs, and wage stagnation of jobs that require higher education or are in traditionally highly paid fields. While the evidence shows that the reduction in inequality is significant, we suggest that such an improvement might not be sustainable in the long run, since structural factors associated with productivity, such as workers’ level of education, explain only a small portion of these wage changes.