La gubernamentalidad biopolítica: de la sociedad de control estatal al liberalismo
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2018-08-30
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Universidad EAFIT
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El pensamiento de Foucault es una caja de herramientas que ha sido utilizada de muy diversos modos. Estas diferentes aplicaciones, sin embargo, no significan que su reflexión carezca de unidad. Para dar razón de esta afirmación este artículo realiza una reevaluación integral de la obra de Foucault centrada en la gubernamentalidad y muestra las articulaciones que dan razón de los principales poderes analizados por el pensador francés: soberano, disciplinario, biopolítico estatal y biopolítico (neo)liberal. El paso de unas tecnologías de poder a otras no implica que haya eras ni que los poderes desaparezcan. Lo que cambia es su prevalencia. El texto estudiará las diferencias del poder disciplinar y el biopoder, la transformación del poder disciplinario en biopoder estatal y la conversión de este en (neo)liberalismo.
Foucault’s thought is a toolbox which has been used in a variety of ways. Those multiple uses, do not imply, however, that his philosophy lacks unity. In order to ground this assertion, this article performs a comprehensive re-assessment of the work of Foucault, focused on the notion of governmentality, and it discusses how the main powers analyzed by the French thinker are related: sovereign power, disciplinary power, state biopolitics, and (neo) liberal biopolitics. Passing from certain power technologies to others does not entail the existence of eras of power or the disappearance of powers. What changes is their prevalence. This study analyzes the differences between disciplinary power and biopower, the transformation of disciplinary power into state power and the transformation of this latter into (neo)liberalism.
Foucault’s thought is a toolbox which has been used in a variety of ways. Those multiple uses, do not imply, however, that his philosophy lacks unity. In order to ground this assertion, this article performs a comprehensive re-assessment of the work of Foucault, focused on the notion of governmentality, and it discusses how the main powers analyzed by the French thinker are related: sovereign power, disciplinary power, state biopolitics, and (neo) liberal biopolitics. Passing from certain power technologies to others does not entail the existence of eras of power or the disappearance of powers. What changes is their prevalence. This study analyzes the differences between disciplinary power and biopower, the transformation of disciplinary power into state power and the transformation of this latter into (neo)liberalism.