Publicación: Challenges and opportunities of technology implementation in energy communities for the provision of electricity service
Fecha
2026
Autores
García Rendón, John
Idrobo Mejía, Felipe
Restrepo López, Mariana
dc.contributor.advisor
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Editor
Universidad EAFIT
Resumen
Ante el reto de transformar el sistema energético actual hacia uno más sostenible que ayude a la disminución de gases de efecto invernadero, la transición energética ha sido considerada como la principal estrategia para la reducción de emisiones de CO2, en la cual las comunidades energéticas han empezado a jugar un papel fundamental, sobre todo en Europa. Por tanto, este paper, por medio de una revisión de literatura en los mercados que más han avanzado sobre el tema y entrevistas a expertos en el mercado eléctrico colombiano, tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis cualitativo que permita identificar los retos y oportunidades en la implementación de contratos inteligentes para incorporar comunidades energéticas en el mercado energético colombiano. Si bien se evidencian oportunidades derivadas de las comunidades energéticas como i) ambientales con la disminución de emisiones de CO2, ii) económicas, relacionadas con la obtención de ingresos adicionales por la venta de excedente de energía producida al sistema y por participar del mecanismo de respuesta de la demanda; además de la posibilidad de disminuir el gasto en energía derivado del autoconsumo y hacer transacciones Peer to Peer y, iii) sociales, como la mitigación de la pobreza energética y mejorar las condiciones de salud de hogares que cocinan con leña. También existen retos para la implementación de contratos inteligentes y una de las principales barreras, con el actual gobierno es la institucional, aumentando la inseguridad jurídica, lo cual ha conllevado a un deterioro de los incentivos e incertidumbre para los inversionistas, nacionales y extranjeros.
Facing the challenge of transforming the current energy landscape towards a more sustainable one that helps to reduce greenhouse gases, the energy transition has been considered as the main strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, in which energy communities have begun to play a key role, especially in Europe. Therefore, this paper, through a literature review in the markets that have advanced the most in the implementation of energy communities and interviews with experts in the Colombian electricity market, aims to conduct a qualitative analysis to identify the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of smart contracts to incorporate energy communities in the Colombian energy market. Although opportunities derived from energy communities are evident, such as i) environmental, with the reduction of CO2 emissions, ii) economic, related to obtaining additional income from the sale of surplus energy produced to the system and participating in the demand response mechanism; iii) social, such as mitigating energy poverty and improving the health conditions of households that cook with firewood. However, there are challenges for the implementation of blockchain and smart contracts and one of the main barriers, under the current government, is institutional, increasing legal uncertainty, which has led to a deterioration of incentives and uncertainty for domestic and foreign investors.
Facing the challenge of transforming the current energy landscape towards a more sustainable one that helps to reduce greenhouse gases, the energy transition has been considered as the main strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, in which energy communities have begun to play a key role, especially in Europe. Therefore, this paper, through a literature review in the markets that have advanced the most in the implementation of energy communities and interviews with experts in the Colombian electricity market, aims to conduct a qualitative analysis to identify the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of smart contracts to incorporate energy communities in the Colombian energy market. Although opportunities derived from energy communities are evident, such as i) environmental, with the reduction of CO2 emissions, ii) economic, related to obtaining additional income from the sale of surplus energy produced to the system and participating in the demand response mechanism; iii) social, such as mitigating energy poverty and improving the health conditions of households that cook with firewood. However, there are challenges for the implementation of blockchain and smart contracts and one of the main barriers, under the current government, is institutional, increasing legal uncertainty, which has led to a deterioration of incentives and uncertainty for domestic and foreign investors.