Examinando por Materia "seismic hazard"
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Ítem Community participation in natural risk prevention: Case histories from Colombia(GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2008-01-01) Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarMore than 75% of Colombia's 42 million people live in urban areas located in the mountains and are exposed to numerous natural hazards: floods, flash floods, landslides, earthquakes and volcanism. The Armero disaster of 1985 triggered the creation of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Relief. National, regional and local committees started to operate across the country, accompanied by education commissions that produced diverse audiovisual materials to help educate people living in these areas. The experiences of working with local committees gained during the last two decades are presented here. Case histories are from cities such as Pereira, Manizales and Medellín, where the local committees are run by people with little or no formal education but who understand that they must participate as a group to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural disasters. The co-operation between technical experts and trained residents represents an outstanding example of good communication and co-operation for urban populations living in dangerous areas. Although many problems have yet to be resolved, these case histories show that this type of organization seems to be more effective than direct intervention from national government agencies. The models of community participation and communication developed and refined here may have application to similar social environments in other countries. © 2008 Geological Society of London.Ítem Community participation in natural risk prevention: Case histories from Colombia(GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2008-01-01) Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaMore than 75% of Colombia's 42 million people live in urban areas located in the mountains and are exposed to numerous natural hazards: floods, flash floods, landslides, earthquakes and volcanism. The Armero disaster of 1985 triggered the creation of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Relief. National, regional and local committees started to operate across the country, accompanied by education commissions that produced diverse audiovisual materials to help educate people living in these areas. The experiences of working with local committees gained during the last two decades are presented here. Case histories are from cities such as Pereira, Manizales and Medellín, where the local committees are run by people with little or no formal education but who understand that they must participate as a group to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural disasters. The co-operation between technical experts and trained residents represents an outstanding example of good communication and co-operation for urban populations living in dangerous areas. Although many problems have yet to be resolved, these case histories show that this type of organization seems to be more effective than direct intervention from national government agencies. The models of community participation and communication developed and refined here may have application to similar social environments in other countries. © 2008 Geological Society of London.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Bioingeniería GIB (CES – EAFIT)This paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Mecánica AplicadaThis paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción; Materiales de IngenieríaThis paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Una herramienta para conocer el riesgo sísmico mundial(Universidad EAFIT, 2020-12-01) Martinez Guerrero, Christian Alexander; Martinez-Guerrero, Christian Alexander; Silva, Vitor; Amo Oduro, Desmond; Calderon, Alejandro; Costa, Catarina; Dabbeek, Jamal; Despotaki, Venetia; Martins, Luis; Pagani, Marco; Rao, Anirudh; Simionato, Michele; Viganò, Daniele; Yepes Estrada, Catalina; Acevedo, Ana; Crowley, Helen; Nick, Horspool; Kishor, Jaiswal; Murray, Journeay; Pittore, Massimiliano; Mecánica AplicadaÍtem Holocene soft-sediment deformation of the Santa Fe-Sopetrán Basin, northern Colombian Andes: Evidence for pre-Hispanic seismic activity?(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011-04-01) Suter, F.; Martinez, J. I.; Velez, M. I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarThe detailed study of four deformed intervals from the Holocene fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Santa Fe-Sopetrán Basin in northern Colombia shows 17 types of soft-sediment deformation (SSD) structures. Evidence indicates that seismic activity was responsible for the SSD structures, a conclusion reached after considering the environmental conditions at the time of sediment deposition and shortly after, and the detailed analysis of the driving force systems. Other triggers (i.e. overloading and rapid sedimentation), however, are not discarded. Intervals showing SSD structures occurred at centennial frequencies and apparently resulted from Mw 6-7 earthquakes. The Holocene age of these major shaking events should be seriously considered when evaluating the seismic hazard and risk for the middle Cauca Valley and the nearby city of Medellín with 3. million inhabitants. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.Ítem Prenolin: International benchmark on 1D nonlinear: Site-response analysis—validation phase exercise(Seismological Society of America, 2018-04-01) Régnier J.; Bonilla L.-F.; Bard P.-Y.; Bertrand E.; Hollender F.; Kawase H.; Sicilia D.; Arduino P.; Amorosi A.; Asimaki D.; Boldini D.; Chen L.; Chiaradonna A.; Demartin F.; Elgamal A.; Falcone G.; Foerster E.; Foti S.; Garini E.; Gazetas G.; Gélis C.; Ghofrani A.; Giannakou A.; Gingery J.; Glinsky N.; Harmon J.; Hashash Y.; Iai S.; Kramer S.; Kontoe S.; Kristek J.; Lanzo G.; Lernia A.D.; Lopez-Caballero F.; Marot M.; McAllister G.; Mercerat E.D.; Moczo P.; Montoya-Noguera S.; Musgrove M.; Nieto-Ferro A.; Pagliaroli A.; Passeri F.; Richterova A.; Sajana S.; Santisi D’Avila M.P.; Shi J.; Silvestri F.; Taiebat M.; Tropeano G.; Vandeputte D.; Verrucci L.; Mecánica AplicadaThis article presents the main results of the validation phase of the PRENOLIN project. PRENOLIN is an international benchmark on 1D nonlinear (NL) site-response analysis. This project involved 19 teams with 23 different codes tested. It was divided into two phases; with the first phase verifying the numerical solution of these codes on idealized soil profiles using simple signals and real seismic records. The second phase described in this article referred to code validation for the analysis of real instrumented sites. This validation phase was performed on two sites (KSRH10 and Sendai) of the Japanese strong-motion networks KiK-net and Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), respectively, with a pair of accelerometers at surface and depth. Extensive additional site characterizations were performed at both sites involving in situ and laboratory measurements of the soil properties. At each site, sets of input motions were selected to represent different peak ground acceleration (PGA) and frequency content. It was found that the code-to-code variability given by the standard deviation of the computed surface-response spectra is around 0.1 (in log10 scale) regardless of the site and input motions. This indicates a quite large influence of the numerical methods on site-effect assessment and more generally on seismic hazard. Besides, it was observed that sitespecific measurements are of primary importance for defining the input data in siteresponse analysis. The NL parameters obtained from the laboratory measurements should be compared with curves coming from the literature. Finally, the lessons learned from this exercise are synthesized, resulting also in a few recommendations for future benchmarking studies, and the use of 1D NL, total stress site-response analysis. © 2018, Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved.