Examinando por Materia "income"

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    Efecto de los Ingresos Permanentes sobre el Delito: Un Enfoque Espacial y un Caso de Aplicación
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2014-02-20) Gómez Toro, Catalina; Velásquez, Hermilson; Urrego, Joaquín Andrés; Valderrama, Juan David
    This paper analyzes the impact of increment in the permanent income on crime in each spatial unit and their neighbors. Different specifications of spatial panel data are estimated to capture the effects of spatial distribution and income on crime. In the particular case of Medellin, the estimated impact of increase 1% in permanent income in specific commune is a decrease in crime near to 0,67%, and the effects of each neighbor are variable and significant. Tests statistics can show the robustness of the conclusions and the adequate specification of the model.
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    Efecto de los ingresos permanentes sobre el delito: un enfoque espacial y un caso de aplicación
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2016-10-01) Urrego, Joaquín A.; Gómez, C.; Velásquez, H.; Valderrama, Juan David; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)
    In this study, spatial information is used to complement the analysis that crime makes an economic theory focused on the availability of police force and judicial efficiency. Particularly, this document analyzes the role that the level of permanent income plays in crimes in a geographical unit and its neighbors, in addition to the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics. An exercise that was applied in the communes of Medellin confirmed the idea that an increase in permanent revenues of 1% reduces crimes in the communes on average by 0.67%. The effect this has on its neighbors is significant and variable. Traditional panel models underestimate the real impact that an increase in income in some neighborhoods has. Robust tests show the accuracy of the results and the adequacy of the model data generating process. © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía
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    Ítem
    Effect of permanent income on crime: a spatial approach and an application case
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2016-10-01) Urrego, Joaquin A.; Gomez Toro, Catalina; Velasquez C, Hermilson; David Valderrama, Juan; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)
    In this study, spatial information is used to complement the analysis that crime makes an economic theory focused on the availability of police force and judicial efficiency. Particularly, this document analyzes the role that the level of permanent income plays in crimes in a geographical unit and its neighbors, in addition to the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics. An exercise that was applied in the communes of Medellin confirmed the idea that an increase in permanent revenues of 1% reduces crimes in the communes on average by 0.67%. The effect this has on its neighbors is significant and variable. Traditional panel models underestimate the real impact that an increase in income in some neighborhoods has. Robust tests show the accuracy of the results and the adequacy of the model data generating process.
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    Simulación del nivel de eliminación de sarampión y rubéola según la estratificación e interacción social
    (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2010-01-01) Hincapié-Palacio, D.; Ospina-Giraldo, J.; Gómez-Arias, R.D.; Uyi-Afuwape, A.; Chowell-Puente, G.; Hincapié-Palacio, D.; Ospina-Giraldo, J.; Gómez-Arias, R.D.; Uyi-Afuwape, A.; Chowell-Puente, G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    Objective The study was aimed at comparing measles and rubella disease elimination levels in a homogeneous and heterogeneous population according to socioeconomic status with interactions amongst low- and high-income individuals and diversity in the average number of contacts amongst them. Methods Effective reproductive rate simulations were deduced from a susceptibleinfected-recovered (SIR) mathematical model according to different immunization rates using measles (1980 and 2005) and rubella (1998 and 2005) incidence data from Latin-America and the Caribbean. Low- and high-income individuals' social interaction and their average number of contacts were analysed by bipartite random network analysis. MAPLE 12 (Maplesoft Inc, Ontario Canada) software was used for making the simulations. Results The progress made in eliminating both diseases between both periods of time was reproduced in the socially-homogeneous population. Measles (2005) would be eliminated in high- and low-income groups; however, it would only be achieved in rubella (2005) if there were a high immunity rate amongst the low-income group. If the average number of contacts were varied, then rubella would not be eliminated, even with a 95 % immunity rate. Conclusion Monitoring the elimination level in diseases like measles and rubella requires that socio-economic status be considered as well as the population's interaction pattern. Special attention should be paid to communities having diversity in their average number of contacts occurring in confined spaces such as displaced communities, prisons, educational establishments, or hospitals.