Examinando por Materia "Viabilidad de yacimientos"

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    Criterios geológicos y tecnologías emergentes en la viabilidad, exploración y evaluación de yacimientos a cielo abierto
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2025-11-12) Brun Mercado, Elías Camilo; Bustamante Londoño, Camilo
    Mining development is moving toward more precise, sustainable, and technology-driven exploration and evaluation processes that optimize resource extraction. Within this framework, this study examines the main geological criteria that determine the feasibility of exploiting a deposit through open-pit mining, as well as the innovations transforming its analysis and management. Key factors are considered, including deposit geometry (shape, thickness, and orientation), depth and its effect on the waste-to-ore ratio, geomechanical stability of the rock mass, and ore grade (resource size and tenor). Operational aspects such as slope design, drainage, waste dumps, and environmental/social constraints are also analyzed. In the technological field, advances that increase precision and reduce uncertainty are highlighted: satellite and drone-based remote sensing, hyperspectral core scanning and digital core logging, 3D geological modeling with continuous updates, and open-pit planning with parametric designs that integrate geotechnical, cost, and environmental constraints. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning support the delineation of favorable zones, grade estimation, and optimization of mining phases and extraction sequences. In economic evaluation, Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic approaches allow quantifying Net Present Value (NPV) risk under geological and price variability. Finally, virtual and augmented reality enhance technical communication and spatial understanding of geological models. Overall, the integration of geological criteria with digital tools makes deposit evaluation a more precise, dynamic, and responsible process.