Examinando por Materia "Spillovers"
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Ítem Can IPR Affect MNE’s Entry Modes? The Chilean Case(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-10-30) Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Castro Peñarrieta, Luis; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coThis paper analyzes the effect of stronger Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the entry modes chosen by MNEs in the Chilean market. MNEs can choose between exporting, introducing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and licensing to a domestic firm in Chile. We use plant-level data for the 2001–2007 and exploite the exogenous reform of IPR in Chile in 2005 to examine the effect of the change in IPR on the overall foreign presence in Chile, controlling for the activities of industries where high levels of technology transfer and imitation are important factors. The main results show that stronger IPR change the mode of entry chosen by MNEs. In this case, FDI is replaced by licensing. This is explained by Chile’s high absorptive capacity during this period. Moreover, we test whether this effect differs across high-tech and low-tech industries and conclude that the displacement of FDI is less severe in high-tech industries.Ítem Can Licensing Induce Productivity? Exploring the IPR Effect(Universidad EAFIT, 2017-10-30) Castro Peñarrieta, Luis; Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; gcanavir@eafit.edu.coLicensing is one of the main channels for technology transfer from foreignowned multinational enterprises (MNEs) to domestic plants. This transfer occurs within industries and across industries, which results in technology spillovers that can affect both intra- and inter-industry productivity. We propose a theoretical model that predicts that this effect can be enhanced by the implementation of stronger intelectual property rights (IPR). Using Chilean plant-level data for the 2001–2007 period and exogenous variation from a reform in 2005, we test our theoretical predictions and find positive inter-industry effects, which result in higher productivity for domestic plants. However, there are negative spillovers when licensing is implemented within the same industry. We also test for the effect of stronger IPR and find that stronger IPR reduces intra-sector spillovers but increases inter-industry spillovers. Moreover, the IPR effect is stronger on firms that are, on average, smaller and have low productivity. Our results are robust not only to a series of definitions of IPR, licensing and productivity but also to a set of different specifications.Ítem El salario mínimo en Colombia 2001-2006: efectos sobre la distribución de salarios por género(Universidad EAFIT, 2016) Ferrer Isaza, Miguel; Granados Moreno, Samuel; Posso Suárez, Christian ManuelEste trabajo estima los efectos de incrementos del salario mínimo sobre hombres y mujeres para diferentes percentiles de la distribución en Colombia -- El análisis se realiza empleando el método de regresión RIF y la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder para el periodo 2001-2006 -- Se encontró que en mercados con una mayor incidencia del salario mínimo (SM)-medido por el número de trabajadores que son afectados en el margen por un incremento del SM-, el incremento en los salarios es mayor para hombres que para mujeres, especialmente en percentiles bajos, contribuyendo de forma significativa a la brecha salarial por género