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Ítem Ceratocystis cacaofunesta genome analysis reveals a large expansion of extracellular phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C genes (PI-PLC)(BioMed Central Ltd., 2018-01-17) Molano, E.P.L.; Cabrera, O.G.; Jose, J.; do Nascimento, L.C.; Carazzolle, M.F.; Teixeira, P.J.P.L.; Alvarez, J.C.; Tiburcio, R.A.; Tokimatu Filho, P.M.; de Lima, G.M.A.; Guido, R.V.C.; Corrêa, T.L.R.; Leme, A.F.P.; Mieczkowski, P.; Pereira, G.A.G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Biodiversidad, Evolución y ConservaciónBackground: The Ceratocystis genus harbors a large number of phytopathogenic fungi that cause xylem parenchyma degradation and vascular destruction on a broad range of economically important plants. Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is a necrotrophic fungus responsible for lethal wilt disease in cacao. The aim of this work is to analyze the genome of C. cacaofunesta through a comparative approach with genomes of other Sordariomycetes in order to better understand the molecular basis of pathogenicity in the Ceratocystis genus. Results: We present an analysis of the C. cacaofunesta genome focusing on secreted proteins that might constitute pathogenicity factors. Comparative genome analyses among five Ceratocystidaceae species and 23 other Sordariomycetes fungi showed a strong reduction in gene content of the Ceratocystis genus. However, some gene families displayed a remarkable expansion, in particular, the Phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipases-C (PI-PLC) family. Also, evolutionary rate calculations suggest that the evolution process of this family was guided by positive selection. Interestingly, among the 82 PI-PLCs genes identified in the C. cacaofunesta genome, 70 genes encoding extracellular PI-PLCs are grouped in eight small scaffolds surrounded by transposon fragments and scars that could be involved in the rapid evolution of the PI-PLC family. Experimental secretome using LC-MS/MS validated 24% (86 proteins) of the total predicted secretome (342 proteins), including four PI-PLCs and other important pathogenicity factors. Conclusion: Analysis of the Ceratocystis cacaofunesta genome provides evidence that PI-PLCs may play a role in pathogenicity. Subsequent functional studies will be aimed at evaluating this hypothesis. The observed genetic arsenals, together with the analysis of the PI-PLC family shown in this work, reveal significant differences in the Ceratocystis genome compared to the classical vascular fungi, Verticillium and Fusarium. Altogether, our analyses provide new insights into the evolution and the molecular basis of plant pathogenicity. © 2018 The Author(s).Ítem Effect of the Phenological Stage in the Natural Rubber Latex Properties(Springer New York LLC, 2019-01-01) Zapata-Gallego N.T.; Álvarez-Láinez M.L.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Diseño; Ingeniería de Diseño (GRID)Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis is a material studied because of their industrial applications. For its natural origin, it is possible to find rubber particles, proteins, phospholipids and ashes. These non-rubber content are responsible for the latex colloidal stability. H. brasiliensis tree goes through four stages during the year, changing its nutritional requirements and as a result the rubber yield and stability. Most studies have correlated latex characteristics and yield with tree age and clonal origin but none of them with phenological stages. The impact of the phenological stage on the material properties has not been completely identified yet. In this work, the influence of the clonal origin and the phenological stage with the material properties is studied. Thermal behavior, microstructural analysis, morphological study, colloidal stability and rheology are analyzed for FX3864, IAN710 and AIN873 clones during 1 year. NRL is an amorphous material but during the high-yield period, a melting point is observed. Flowering is the stage when phospholipids, protein and isoelectric point are higher. Phenological stages do not affect the rubber, but the main changes are in the non-rubber content. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Ítem Evaluación de la producción de lipasas fúngicas(Universidad EAFIT, 2022) Henao Martínez, Mauricio; Olarte Fernández, Ana María; Marín Palacio, Luz DeisyLipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids. fatty acids, are present in different organisms, however, microbial lipases are of greater interest commercial. These are highly used in industries such as food, paper and pharmaceutical, applicability that is limited by the little evaluation of lipase-producing microorganisms for specific processes, the high production cost and problems associated with the systemic use of enzymes. The rationale for this study is to select from a group of microorganisms of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma and Botrytis, a microorganism capable of producing lipid enzymes in a complex medium with a low-cost substrate, as an agro-industrial residue. For this, the radial growth of microorganisms in a solid medium defined with olive oil was evaluated. as the only source of carbon and energy, those with the highest growth were selected to determine the kinetic parameters and lipid activity in a submerged culture with a defined fatty medium, and evaluate the and production of lipid enzymes in a complex medium whose fatty substrate was the residual pulp of the palm oil industry. Among the microorganisms evaluated, it was found that the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium produced lipases. following its growth in defined media with lipids as the only source of carbon and energy, In addition, the lipases produced by Aspergillus flavus have higher activity compared to those produced by Penicillium, however, this microorganism has low lipid activity due to microgram of protein that it had, in the culture in complex medium that was 5.12x10-3 U/mg with respect to the obtained in defined medium of 1.94x10-2 U/mg