Examinando por Materia "Physiology"

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    Biomechanics of the canine mandible during bone transport distraction osteogenesis
    (ASME, 2014-11-01) Zapata, Uriel; Dechow, Paul C.; Watanabe, Ikuya; Elsalanty, Mohammed E.; Opperman, Lynne A.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Bioingeniería GIB (CES – EAFIT)
    This study compared biomechanical patterns between finite element models (FEMs) and a fresh dog mandible tested under molar and incisal physiological loads in order to clarify the effect of the bone transport distraction osteogenesis (BTDO) surgical process. Three FEMs of dog mandibles were built in order to evaluate the effects of BTDO. The first model evaluated the mandibular response under two physiological loads resembling bite processes. In the second model, a 5.0 cm bone defect was bridged with a bone transport reconstruction plate (BTRP). In the third model, new regenerated bony tissue was incorporated within the defect to mimic the surgical process without the presence of the device. Complementarily, a mandible of a male American foxhound dog was mechanically tested in the laboratory both in the presence and absence of a BTRP, and mechanical responses were measured by attaching rosettes to the bone surface of the mandible to validate the FEM predictions. The relationship between real and predicted values indicates that the stress patterns calculated using FEM are a valid predictor of the biomechanics of the BTDO procedures. The present study provides an interesting correlation between the stiffness of the device and the biomechanical response of the mandible affected for bone transport. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Ítem
    Biomechanics of the canine mandible during bone transport distraction osteogenesis
    (ASME, 2014-11-01) Zapata, Uriel; Dechow, Paul C.; Watanabe, Ikuya; Elsalanty, Mohammed E.; Opperman, Lynne A.; Zapata, Uriel; Dechow, Paul C.; Watanabe, Ikuya; Elsalanty, Mohammed E.; Opperman, Lynne A.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción; Materiales de Ingeniería
    This study compared biomechanical patterns between finite element models (FEMs) and a fresh dog mandible tested under molar and incisal physiological loads in order to clarify the effect of the bone transport distraction osteogenesis (BTDO) surgical process. Three FEMs of dog mandibles were built in order to evaluate the effects of BTDO. The first model evaluated the mandibular response under two physiological loads resembling bite processes. In the second model, a 5.0 cm bone defect was bridged with a bone transport reconstruction plate (BTRP). In the third model, new regenerated bony tissue was incorporated within the defect to mimic the surgical process without the presence of the device. Complementarily, a mandible of a male American foxhound dog was mechanically tested in the laboratory both in the presence and absence of a BTRP, and mechanical responses were measured by attaching rosettes to the bone surface of the mandible to validate the FEM predictions. The relationship between real and predicted values indicates that the stress patterns calculated using FEM are a valid predictor of the biomechanics of the BTDO procedures. The present study provides an interesting correlation between the stiffness of the device and the biomechanical response of the mandible affected for bone transport. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.
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    Ítem
    Dynamic analysis and performance evaluation of the BIAcore surface plasmon resonance biosensor
    (SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2015-01-01) Simon, Laurent; Ospina, Juan; Simon, Laurent; Ospina, Juan; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    Solution procedures were proposed to analyze nonlinear mass transport through an optical biosensor. A generalized collocation technique was applied to predict the dynamic behavior of an analyte along the flow chamber as a result of convection, diffusion and chemical reaction. The method estimated the effective time constants for reaching average steady-state concentrations of the free and bound analytes in the cell. When diffusion in the direction of flow was neglected, a closed-form solution, based on double Laplace transforms, was obtained after linearizing the original system. In both models, an increase in the sample diffusion coefficient lowered the effective time constant. This approach may help researchers evaluate the performance of biosensors and meet specific design criteria. © 2015 SPIE.
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    Leptospirosis risk around a potential source of infection
    (SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2015-01-01) Erica, Loaiza-Echeverry; Doracelly, Hincapie-Palacio; Acosta Jesus, Ochoa; Giraldo Juan, Ospina; Erica, Loaiza-Echeverry; Doracelly, Hincapie-Palacio; Acosta Jesus, Ochoa; Giraldo Juan, Ospina; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with world distribution and multiform clinical spectrum in men and animals. The etiology of this disease is the pathogenic species of Leptospira, which cause diverse manifestations of the disease, from mild to serious, such as the Weil disease and the lung hemorrhagic syndrome with lethal proportions of 10% - 50%. This is an emerging problem of urban health due to the growth of marginal neighborhoods without basic sanitary conditions and an increased number of rodents. The presence of rodents and the probability of having contact with their urine determine the likelihood for humans to get infected. In this paper, we simulate the spatial distribution of risk infection of human leptospirosis according to the proximity to rodent burrows considered as potential source of infection. The Bessel function K0 with an r distance from the potential point source, and the scale parameter a in meters was used. Simulation inputs were published data of leptospirosis incidence rate (range of 5 to 79 x 10 000), and a distance of 100 to 5000 meters from the source of infection. We obtained an adequate adjustment between the function and the simulated data. The risk of infection increases with the proximity of the potential source. This estimation can become a guide to propose effective measures of control and prevention. © 2015 SPIE.
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    Mathematical modeling of Chikungunya fever control
    (SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2015-01-01) Hincapie-Palacio, Doracelly; Ospina, Juan; Hincapie-Palacio, Doracelly; Ospina, Juan; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    Chikungunya fever is a global concern due to the occurrence of large outbreaks, the presence of persistent arthropathy and its rapid expansion throughout various continents. Globalization and climate change have contributed to the expansion of the geographical areas where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia) remain. It is necessary to improve the techniques of vector control in the presence of large outbreaks in The American Region. We derive measures of disease control, using a mathematical model of mosquito-human interaction, by means of three scenarios: a) a single vector b) two vectors, c) two vectors and human and non-human reservoirs. The basic reproductive number and critical control measures were deduced by using computer algebra with Maple (Maplesoft Inc, Ontario Canada). Control measures were simulated with parameter values obtained from published data. According to the number of households in high risk areas, the goals of effective vector control to reduce the likelihood of mosquito-human transmission would be established. Besides the two vectors, if presence of other non-human reservoirs were reported, the monthly target of effective elimination of the vector would be approximately double compared to the presence of a single vector. The model shows the need to periodically evaluate the effectiveness of vector control measures. © 2015 SPIE.