Examinando por Materia "Lahar"

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    Definición de escenarios de lahares en el volcán de Colima y análisis de susceptibilidad a inundación en la población de San Marcos, Jalisco, México
    (Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Pérez Hernández, Andrea; Pérez Mejía, Natalia Andrea; Capra Pedol, Lucia; Duque Trujillo, Jose Fernando
    Lahars are a mixture of water and sediments associated with volcanic processes, they can be generated by different factors such as melting glaciers, dam’s ruptures and heavy rainfall; this last factor occurs frequently in volcanoes, where rainfall/runoff process enhance erosion on main channels generating lahars that can reach large distances from their source, causing damages on the infrastructure of surrounding populations. The present work presents rain-triggered lahar susceptibility analysis along La Arena ravine and the effect on San Marcos; a village located 14 kilometers southeast of the Colima Volcano, in Mexico, between the limits of the states of Jalisco and Colima. To define the inundation limits, the program FLO-2D was chosen to model lahars, through data of rainfall events in 2018 and 2019. Using this information, a rainfall analysis was conducted and it was possible to identify those associated with the generation of lahars and to identify different scenarios depending on the total rainfall accumulation and its maximum intensity. Three different scenarios (small, intermediate and large) were identified and simulated with the FLO-2D code to analyze the effect on the population of San Marcos. Based on the numeric simulations hazard maps were made, which were used as a tool to study and analyze the area exposed of lahar inundation, considering that the three scenarios can generate an impact to the infrastructure. Aditionally, the study zone can be affected due to events of great magnitude, such as rainfall produced by hurricane events. Likewise, a probabilistic analysis was also conducted; where the large scenario presents low probability of occurrence, since these are events with regional (hurricane) character than those for the intermediate and small scenarios (rainy season). Through the analysis of the maps here presented, the population of San Marcos presents a low-medium hazard level to floods caused by lahars.