Examinando por Materia "GUERRA"
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Ítem La amenaza sin rostro : derecho internacional humanitario y terrorismo(Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Tisnés Zapata, Eduardo; Toro Valencia, Jose AlbertoSince the mid 20th Century, states have begun to abandon confrontations between them. This phenomenon has had several explanations from different perspectives such as military and legal theories. In addition, international treaties have forbidden the unjustified use of force from one state against another, making illegal the start of an international conflict. This prohibition was strengthened by the UN Charter and its requirements for war. However, conflict has not come to an end, it has transformed into a confrontation between legitimate state forces and insurgent groups. These insurgencies have used non-conventional means of war to impose their will. These new means include, among others, terrorist acts, which are prohibited in the course of conflict. As terrorism represents one of the biggest threats to international security, it is important to have a complete unique definition of it, nevertheless, this has been impossible due to the complex international political reality. Now, terrorist organizations have violated International Humanitarian Law as they do not respect rules of conventional conflict. The necessity to reform the legal framework of this modern warfare has become an issue, as state agents are bound to act under International Humanitarian Law when terrorists are not.Ítem Las mujeres en la guerra : imágenes, guerra y conflicto armado en Colombia(Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Gallón Giraldo, Laura Milena; Bonilla Vélez, Jorge IvánThe objective of this work is to problematize the gender category in war’s visuality. In this sense, it investigates, in the first place, the ways in which the participation of women in the war was narrated by means of a journey throughout some historical and literary accounts of antiquity and the Middle Ages and some visual testimonies of the gender in photographs of World War II press. All of this with the intention of highlighting the complexities to which the narration of women and the representation of gender has been subject based on the roles they assume, the position in which they are found and the place from which they are narrated. In this way, we introduce the importance of a broader approach to the issue through the study of images and visual studies. Then, the work is focused on the armed conflict and the transition to peace in Colombia to analyze the visuality of gender in press photographs of women in the roles of victims and combatants and ask: what does gender tell us about war in the country? Moreover, in what way does gender constitute a category capable of reinforcing the invisibility of tragedy and pain?Ítem Rebels or money makers? Decentralization and the colombian armed conflict(Universidad EAFIT, 2020) Vanegas Arias, Martín; España Eljaiek, IrinaThis paper assesses the relationship between fiscal decentralization processes and internal armed conflicts. By using the Colombian case, the paper tests the hypothesis that the decentralization process carried out since the late 1980s, empowered the illegal armed groups and therefore increased the conflict in the periphery of the country. In order to test this hypothesis, the research uses data on human rights violations, municipal income, and distance to the department’s capital at the subnational level for the period between 1984 to 2016. The different estimations find a positive and significant relationship between the decentralization process and the Colombian armed conflict in the periphery of the country.