Examinando por Materia "Antioquia [Colombia]"
Mostrando 1 - 13 de 13
Resultados por página
Opciones de ordenación
Ítem Community participation in natural risk prevention: Case histories from Colombia(GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2008-01-01) Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarMore than 75% of Colombia's 42 million people live in urban areas located in the mountains and are exposed to numerous natural hazards: floods, flash floods, landslides, earthquakes and volcanism. The Armero disaster of 1985 triggered the creation of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Relief. National, regional and local committees started to operate across the country, accompanied by education commissions that produced diverse audiovisual materials to help educate people living in these areas. The experiences of working with local committees gained during the last two decades are presented here. Case histories are from cities such as Pereira, Manizales and Medellín, where the local committees are run by people with little or no formal education but who understand that they must participate as a group to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural disasters. The co-operation between technical experts and trained residents represents an outstanding example of good communication and co-operation for urban populations living in dangerous areas. Although many problems have yet to be resolved, these case histories show that this type of organization seems to be more effective than direct intervention from national government agencies. The models of community participation and communication developed and refined here may have application to similar social environments in other countries. © 2008 Geological Society of London.Ítem Community participation in natural risk prevention: Case histories from Colombia(GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2008-01-01) Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Hermelin, M.; Bedoya, G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaMore than 75% of Colombia's 42 million people live in urban areas located in the mountains and are exposed to numerous natural hazards: floods, flash floods, landslides, earthquakes and volcanism. The Armero disaster of 1985 triggered the creation of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Relief. National, regional and local committees started to operate across the country, accompanied by education commissions that produced diverse audiovisual materials to help educate people living in these areas. The experiences of working with local committees gained during the last two decades are presented here. Case histories are from cities such as Pereira, Manizales and Medellín, where the local committees are run by people with little or no formal education but who understand that they must participate as a group to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural disasters. The co-operation between technical experts and trained residents represents an outstanding example of good communication and co-operation for urban populations living in dangerous areas. Although many problems have yet to be resolved, these case histories show that this type of organization seems to be more effective than direct intervention from national government agencies. The models of community participation and communication developed and refined here may have application to similar social environments in other countries. © 2008 Geological Society of London.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Bioingeniería GIB (CES – EAFIT)This paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Mecánica AplicadaThis paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Evaluation of the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia(SPRINGER, 2017-03-01) Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Acevedo, A.B.; Jaramillo, J.D.; Yepes, C.; Silva, V.; Osorio, F.A.; Villar, M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción; Materiales de IngenieríaThis paper presents the development of an exposure model for the residential building stock in Antioquia (the second most populated Department of Colombia), the development of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry buildings, and estimation of building damage for two possible seismic events. Both the exposure and fragility models are publically available and can be used to calculate damage and losses due to single events, or probabilistic seismic hazard. The exposure model includes information regarding the total built-up area, number of buildings and inhabitants, building class, and replacement cost. The methodology used for the creation of the exposure model was based on available cadastral information, survey data, and expert judgment. Fragility functions were derived using nonlinear time history analyses on single-degree-of-freedom oscillators, for unreinforced masonry structures which represent more than 60% of the building stock in the region. Both seismic scenarios indicate that an event corresponding to a return period of 500 years located within the region of interest would cause slight or moderate damage to nearly 95 thousand structures, and about 32 thousand would have severe damage or collapse. This study was developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment project, supported by the Global Earthquake Model and SwissRe Foundation. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Ítem Hydrogeochemical characteristics at Doña Juana Complex (SW Colombia): A new area for geothermal exploration in the Northern Andes region(Elsevier Ltd., 2020-01-01) Gómez Diaz E.; Marín Cerón M.I.; Gómez Diaz E.; Marín Cerón M.I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaThe Doña Juana Volcanic Complex (DJVC) is an active volcanic zone located in southern Colombia, an area lacking geothermal exploration data. Using the results of hydrogeochemical analyses of hot springs, thermal waters were divided into two groups: Doña Juana System (DJS) and Las Animas System (AS). The DJS thermal waters are sulphate-bicarbonate and the AS dilute-chloride waters with relatively high concentrations of alkalis. The stable isotope and some element ratios suggested a mixing process between geothermal fluids and meteoric waters where AS is related to the upflow with a reservoir temperature around 180 °C estimated through solute geothermometers and mineral equilibrium geothermometry, showing a high temperature system in which the fault systems apparently play an important role in the flow of the geothermal fluids. © 2019 Elsevier LtdÍtem Identidad organizacional de los mandos medios en equilibrio liminal(Universidad del Zulia, 2016-01-01) Gonzales-Miranda, D.R.In this article, the results of a study that analysed the construction process of the organizational identity of middle managers in a Colombian organization are presented. The problem is circumscribed to the destabilization of identity as something that is given and relatively secure, and to a growing interest in being considered as an objective and means of the management’s regulatory efforts. The qualitative research was conducted in the form of case of study, in a company named Comercial Nutresa S.A.S., located in Medellin, Colombia. From the critical and multidisciplinary perspective in Organizational Studies, organizational identity was defined as a dialogue between the organization and the middle managers. The findings that constitute middle management process of identity construction were: recognition, transcendence, and security. Upon analysing their relations and meanings for middle managers, it can be stated that organizational identity is a liminal process where in the combination of factors involved in the process form a non-structural space where change, resistance, and constant significance characterise the organizational identity of middle managers in the organization that has been studied. © 2016, Revista Venezolana de Gerencia. All rights reserved.Ítem Preliminary geochemical study of thermal waters at the Puracé volcano system (South Western Colombia): An approximation for geothermal exploration(Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2018-01-01) Gómez-Díaz E.; Marin-Cerón M.I.; Gómez-Díaz E.; Marin-Cerón M.I.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaThe Puracé Volcano is located in the Cauca department, SW of Colombia, along the Coconucos volcanic chain. This volcano is an interesting target for geothermal exploration, because it is a young caldera-type volcano, with thermal activity (e.g. hot springs and fumaroles). Using hydro-geochemical analyses of hot springs, we determine the type of water, origin and relation with the geothermal system, reservoir temperature, mixing process and finally the potential areas for future exploration. The analyzed water-types are bicarbonate, dilutechloride, sulphate-chloride, acid-sulphate and heated steam-acid sulfated. The conservative elements, allow to identify the correlation between different springs and to infer commune sources. Moreover, the applied solutes geothermometers for each suitable thermal-water group were used to estimate the reservoir temperature. The Silica geothermometers resulted within a range of 120°C -170°C while those the Cation geothermometers are above these temperatures reflecting values from 160°C to 220°C. However, the Cation geothermometer of low temperature clearly identify another zone of lower temperature. Mixing and recharge processes, were identified through of stable isotopes. Finally, the preliminary geothermal model shows two zones of high enthalpy system ( > 150°C). © 2018, Boletín de Geología.Ítem Tectonic and climate driven fluctuations in the stratigraphic base level of a Cenozoic continental coal basin, northwestern Andes(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008-12-01) Tamayo, J. C. Silva; Sierra, G. M.; Correa, L. G.; Tamayo, J. C. Silva; Sierra, G. M.; Correa, L. G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaChanges in the sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of the coal-bearing middle Oligocene-late Miocene siliciclastic Amagá Formation, northwestern Colombia, reflect major fluctuations in the stratigraphic base level within the Amagá Basin, which paralleled three major stages of evolution of the middle Cenozoic Andean Orogeny. These stages, which are also traceable by the changes in the compositional modes of sandstones, controlled the occurrence of important coal deposits. The initial stage of evolution of the Amagá Basin was related to the initial uplift of the Central Cordillera of Colombia around 25 Ma, which promoted moderate subsidence rates and high rates of sediment supply into the basin. This allowed the development of aggradational braided rivers and widespread channel amalgamation resulting in poor preservation of both, low energy facies and geomorphic elements. The presence of poorly preserved Alfisols within the scarce flood plains and the absence of swamp deposits suggest arid climate during this stage. The compositional modes of sandstones suggest sediment supply from uplifted basement-cored blocks. The second stage of evolution was related to the late Oligocene eastward migration of the Pre-Andean tholeitic magmatic arc from the Western Cordillera towards the Cauca depression. This generated extensional movements along the Amagá Basin, enhancing the subsidence and increasing the accommodation space along the basin. As a result of the enhanced subsidence rates, meandering rivers developed, allowing the formation of extensive swamps deposits (currently coal beds). The excellent preservation of Entisols and Alfisols within the flood plain deposits suggests rapid channels migration and a humid climate during deposition. Moderate to highly mature channel sandstones support this contention, and point out the Central Cordillera of Colombia as the main source of sediment. Enhanced subsidence during this stage also prevented channels amalgamation and promoted both, high preservation of geomorphic elements and high diversity of sedimentary facies. This resulted in the most symmetric stratigraphic cycles of the entire Amagá Formation. The final stage of evolution of the Amagá Basin was related to the early stage of development of the late Miocene northwestern Andes tholeitic volcanism (from ~10 to ~8 Ma). The extensive thrusting and folding associated to this volcanism reduced the subsidence rates along the basin and thus the accommodation space. This permitted the development of highly aggradational braided rivers and promoted channels amalgamation. Little preservation of low energy facies, poor preservation of the geomorphic elements and a complete obliteration of important swamp deposits (coal beds) within the basin are reflected by the most asymmetric stratigraphic cycles of the whole formation. The presence of greenish/reddish flood plain deposits and Alfisols suggests a dry climate during this depositional stage. The presence of channel sandstones with high contents of volcanic rock fragments supports a dry climate, and suggests an incipient phase of the Combia tholeiitic magmatism present during deposition of the Amagá Formation. The subsequent eastward migration of the NW Andes magmatic arc (after ~8 Ma) may have produced basin inversion and suppressed deposition along the Amagá Basin. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Ítem Timing of rifting in the southern Gulf of California and its conjugate margins: Insights from the plutonic record(Geological Society of America, 2015-05-01) Duque-Trujillo, J.F.; Duque-Trujillo, J.F.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaThe Gulf of California is a young example of crustal stretching and transtensional shearing leading to the birth of a new oceanic basin at a formerly convergent margin. Previous studies focused along the southwestern rifted margin in Baja California...Ítem Touching down in cities: Territorial planning instruments as vehicles for the implementation of SDG strategies in cities of the global south(MDPI AG, 2020-01-01) Mejía-Dugand S.; Pizano-Castillo M.; Mejía-Dugand S.; Pizano-Castillo M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Humanidades; Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Ambientales (URBAM)We discuss municipal physical-spatial planning instruments as vehicles for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in cities in the Global South. We do this by focusing on Medellin, Colombia, a city that has endured significant challenges-mainly related to poverty and violence-, but has attracted significant international attention due to its approach to territorial planning and its innovative application of new and existing legal tools to transform realities and repay historical debts with the urban poor. We performed a review of the most important documents related to SDG implementation in the country and the city, as well as Municipal Development Plans and legal planning instruments issued from 1 January 2016. The article maps active planning instruments and suggests the analysis, already from the diagnosis and formulation phases, of the linkage among strategies and projects, and SDGs, and the inclusion of SDG considerations in citizen participation instruments such as so-called Local Development Plans. © 2020 by the authors.Ítem Understanding cycling travel distance: The case of Medellin city (Colombia)(Elsevier Ltd., 2020-06-23) Duque, J.; Ospina, J.; Botero Ferna´ndez, Vero´nica; Brussel, Mark; Grigolon, Anna; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)The relevance of cycling as a mode of transportation is increasingly being recognized in many cities around the world, and the city of Medellin (Colombia) is no exception. To better understand cycling travel behavior in Medellin, we perform a multiple regression to analyze the importance of route characteristics in explaining cycling travel distance. We control for socioeconomic and built environment variables at the origin and destination. Our results reveal that the effects of the socio-economic and built environment characteristics at the origin and destination are modest or statistically insignificant in explaining travel distance. However, the variables that characterize the built and natural environment along the route are significant and appreciably improve the explanatory power of the baseline econometric model. An analysis of interacting effects shows that the interaction between the dedicated infrastructure along the route and the degree of deviation from direct routes has a relevant effect on explaining travel distance. The findings of this work are useful for designing cycling policy and developing more usable cycling infrastructure. © 2020 Elsevier LtdÍtem Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2014-12-01) Patino, Jorge E.; Duque, Juan C.; Pardo-Pascual, Josep E.; Ruiz, Luis A.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Economía y Finanzas; Research in Spatial Economics (RISE)The link between place and crime is at the base of social ecology theories of crime that focus in the relationship of the characteristics of geographical areas and crime rates. The broken windows theory states that visible cues of physical and social disorder in a neighborhood can lead to an increase in more serious crime. The crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) planning approach seeks to deter criminal behavior by creating defensible spaces. Based on the premise that a settlement's appearance is a reflection of the society, we ask whether a neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint when seen from space using urban fabric descriptors computed from very high spatial-resolution imagery. We tested which land cover, structure and texture descriptors were significantly related to intra-urban homicide rates in Medellin, Colombia, while controlling for socioeconomic confounders. The percentage of impervious surfaces other than clay roofs, the fraction of clay roofs to impervious surfaces, two structure descriptors related to the homogeneity of the urban layout, and the uniformity texture descriptor were all statistically significant. Areas with higher homicide rates tended to have higher local variation and less general homogeneity; that is, the urban layouts were more crowded and cluttered, with small dwellings with different roofing materials located in close proximity to one another, and these regions often lacked other homogeneous surfaces such as open green spaces, wide roads, or large facilities. These results seem to be in agreement with the broken windows theory and CPTED in the sense that more heterogeneous and disordered urban layouts are associated with higher homicide rates. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.