Examinando por Autor "Toro, G.E."
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Ítem Detrital zircon fission-track thermochronology and magnetic fabric of the Amagá Formation (Colombia): Intracontinental deformation and exhumation events in the northwestern Andes(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017-07-01) Piedrahita, V.A.; Bernet, M.; Chadima, M.; Sierra, G.M.; Marín-Cerón, M.I.; Toro, G.E.; Piedrahita, V.A.; Bernet, M.; Chadima, M.; Sierra, G.M.; Marín-Cerón, M.I.; Toro, G.E.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaNew detrital zircon-fission track (ZFT) and magnetic fabric data are presented to constrain the time of deposition, provenance and deformation of the of Lower and Upper members of the Amagá Formation in the Amagá Basin. The Amagá Basin is located in the northern Andes, between the Western and Central Cordilleras of Colombia. The Amagá Formation was deposited in a transpressive geodynamic context and is allegedly synchronous with tectonic events such as the Andean orogeny and the Panama-Choco Block collision with the northwestern South American Plate. Detrital ZFT data confirm an Oligocene age for the Lower Member and a middle-Miocene age for the Upper Member of the Amagá Formation. In addition to constraining the depositional age, the ZFT data presented in this study also reflect Paleocene-Eocene, late to early Oligocene and late to middle Miocene cooling in sediment source areas mainly located in the Central and Western Cordilleras of Colombia. These ages can be associated with regional exhumation events in the central and northern Andes of South America. Collisional stages of the Panama-Choco Block against northwestern South America, subduction of the Farallon-Nazca Plate and strike-slip reactivation periods of the Cauca-Romeral fault system, caused NW-SE compression and NE-SW simple shear in the Amagá Basin. This deformational regime, identified by magnetic fabric data, induces syn- and post-depositional deformation over the Amagá Formation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Ítem The Guamuez (La Cocha) Lake(SPRINGER, 2016-01-01) Duque-Trujillo, J.F.; Hermelin, M.; Toro, G.E.; Duque-Trujillo, J.F.; Hermelin, M.; Toro, G.E.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaThe Guamuez Lake (also called La Cocha) lies at 2765 m a.s.l. southeast of Pasto. La Corota, its main island, houses a wildlife sanctuary of endemic species protected by the Ministry of the Environment. The La Cocha valley and its neighbor the Sibundoy valley (similar, but completely drained lake) are both seated along one of the main strike-slip faults, the Algeciras fault. This fault system borders the Northern Andes in southwestern Colombia, forming valleys along its trace due to local pull-apart stress associated to its movements. Several small volcanic structures are aligned over the main fault traces which limit the tectonic valleys, making La Cocha a unique landscape. The vegetation that could be found around La Cocha is also unique, because it represents one of the altitudinal lowest paramo ecosystems in the world.Ítem Large-magnitude late Holocene seismic activity in the Pereira-Armenia region, Colombia(GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC, 2011-01-01) Lalinde, C.P.P.; Toro, G.E.; Velásquez, A.; Audemard, F.A.M.; Lalinde, C.P.P.; Toro, G.E.; Velásquez, A.; Audemard, F.A.M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Geología Ambiental y TectónicaThe Pereira-Armenia region, located west of the Colombian Central Cordillera, is crosscut by the Romeral fault system, which consists of an active north-south- trending, left-lateral, strike-slip fault system with a secondary thrust component in the Eje Cafetero zone (4°N-5°N). The terrain where the Liceo Taller San Miguel high school sits-9 km south of Pereira-is draped with an ~2-m-thick layer of volcanic ash younger than 30 k.y. in age. This locality has been affected by both N40°E- and E-W-trending faults that correspond to thrust faults or folds and normal rightlateral, strike-slip faults, respectively, in the tectonic model for the zone. Two kinds of strong fi eld evidence for the E-W faults were found at a site named Canchas: (1) the 50°N tilt of the late Quaternary interbedded sequence of volcanic ash and three paleosols, and (2) a vertical fault throw of ~1.70 m affecting the sequence (layers). A normal vertical throw of ~0.65 m at Parqueadero stands as a proof of the activity of the N40°E-trending faults. This latter faulting does not correspond with the stress tensor proposed for this region, and thus this deformation could be interpreted as being a consequence of fl exural slip induced by a NE-SW-striking blind thrust, where reverse faulting along bedding at depth is seen as normal faulting at the surface. Measured offsets could have generated seismic events of at least Mw 6.6 for the NE-trending fault that affected the paleosols and volcanic ash sequence at 13,150 ± 310 14C yr B.P., and a seismic event of Mw 6.9 for the E-W-trending fault that affected the paleosols and volcanic ash sequence at 19,710 ± 830 14C yr B.P. These two recently identifi edfaults are now named the Tribunas (NE-SW) and the Cestillal (E-W) faults. Up to now, the fault and its seismogenic potential determinations in this region have been based solely on morphologic evidence. The maximum seismic magnitude estimated for this region ranged from Mw 6.2 to Mw 6.6 for seismic sources 35 km away from the site. Seismic magnitudes like the one calculated in this work (Mw 6.9) were previously estimated only for source-site distances greater than 50 km. This work provides fi eld evidence that leads to a better understanding of the seismic activity of this region in the last 30 k.y. and confi rms the occurrence of local Mw >6.5 seismic events in this region. Although volcanic ash drapes and eventually hides the geomorphic evidence of active deformation, it turns out to be a perfect chronometer of a fault's activity whenever the deformation is revealed, as in this case. After the Armenia event of 1999, it is imperative to examine the seismic hazard assessments of this region in terms of local crustal seismicity. © 2011 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.