Examinando por Autor "Ospina J."

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    Controlled drug release from a spheroidal matrix
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2019-01-01) Simon L.; Ospina J.; Simon L.; Ospina J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    Drug transport through a spheroidal matrix was studied using Fick's second law of diffusion in spherical coordinates. The prolate spheroid-shaped geometry was described by a small angular deformation applied at the surface of the body. An infinite series of Legendre polynomials of order two was first used to develop an expression for the solute concentration in the Laplace domain. This method resulted in closed-form expressions for the effective time constant and the cumulative percentage of drug released in terms of critical model parameters. The procedure predicted published solutions very well. More moisture was observed at the center of the body when compared to the focal point. As the aspect ratio increased, the effective time constant decreased. At 0.38 unit time, 98.6% of the loaded drug was released from the device. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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    Stratifying the potential local transmission of Zika in municipalities of Antioquia, Colombia
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017-10-01) Ospina J.; Hincapie-Palacio D.; Ochoa J.; Molina A.; Rúa G.; Pájaro D.; Arrubla M.; Almanza R.; Paredes M.; Mubayi A.; Ospina J.; Hincapie-Palacio D.; Ochoa J.; Molina A.; Rúa G.; Pájaro D.; Arrubla M.; Almanza R.; Paredes M.; Mubayi A.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    OBJECTIVE To stratify and understand the potential transmission processes of Zika virus in Colombia, in order to effectively address the efforts on surveillance and disease control. METHODS We compare R-0 of Zika for municipalities based on data from the regional surveillance system of Antioquia, Colombia. The basic reproduction number (R-0) and its 95% confidence intervals were estimated from an SIR model with implicit vector dynamics, in terms of recovered individuals in each time unit, using an approximate solution. These parameters were estimated fitting the solution of the model to the daily cumulative frequency of each Zika case according to symptoms onset date relative to the index case reported to the local surveillance system. RESULTS R-0 was estimated for 20 municipalities with a median of 30 000 inhabitants, all located less than 2200 m above sea level. The reported cases ranged from 17 to 347 between these municipalities within 4 months (January to April of 2016). The results suggest that 15 municipalities had a high transmission potential (R-0 > 1), whereas in five municipality transmissions were potentially not sustaining (R-0 < 1), although the upper bound of the confidence interval of the R-0 for 3 of these 5 was greater than one, indicating the possibility of an outbreak later on. CONCLUSION The study identified high-risk municipalities (R-0 > 1) and provide a technique to optimise surveillance and control of Zika. Health authorities should promote the collection, analysis, modelling and sharing of anonymous data onto individual cases to estimate R-0.
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    Two-dimensional solution and analysis of a cylindrical matrix device with a circular release area
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013-01-01) Simon L.; Ospina J.; Simon L.; Ospina J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias; Lógica y Computación
    A cylindrical device was analyzed using a Laplace transform-based method. The two-dimensional model represented a pharmaceutical agent uniformly distributed in a polymeric matrix surrounded by an impermeable layer. Molecules could be transferred only through a small hole centered at the top surface of the cylinder. A closed-form solution was obtained to help study the effects of design parameters and geometries on the cumulative amount of drug released. The latter variable increased with the mass transfer and diffusion coefficients and decreased with any increment in the device's length. The delivery rate was described by an effective time constant calculated from Laplace transforms. Reducing the orifice diameter or fabricating a longer system would delay transport of the medication. Simplified expressions for the release profile and the time constant were derived for special design cases. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.