Examinando por Autor "Correa I.D."
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Ítem A Classification System for Colombian Wetlands: an Essential Step Forward in Open Environmental Policy-Making(Springer Netherlands, 2019-01-01) Ricaurte L.F.; Patiño J.E.; Zambrano D.F.R.; Arias-G J.C.; Acevedo O.; Aponte C.; Medina R.; González M.; Rojas S.; Flórez C.; Estupinan-Suarez L.M.; Jaramillo Ú.; Santos A.C.; Lasso C.A.; Nivia A.A.D.; Calle S.R.; Vélez J.I.; Acosta J.H.C.; Duque S.R.; Núñez-Avellaneda M.; Correa I.D.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez J.A.; Vilardy Q S.P.; Prieto-C A.; Rudas-Ll A.; Cleef A.M.; Finlayson C.M.; Junk W.J.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarKnowledge about the distribution and diversity of wetlands has become an essential tool for environmental management and policy-making. Yet, while recent estimates indicate that 27% of the area of Colombia is covered by wetlands and despite a number of regional studies, information about the diversity of wetlands nationally is scarce. In response, we present a national wetland classification system that is based on an ecological approach, from the perspective of wetland scientists, and which builds upon the assumptions underlying the flood pulse concept and hydrogeomorphic approach. Thus, the approach and structure of the Brazilian wetland classification system are used, with geomorphological adjustments made according to Colombia’s topography. The classification is hierarchical, multi-scale, functional, and organized according to four levels (system, macroregion, subsystem, and class), with the wetland diversity of Colombia represented nationally by 89 macrohabitats across marine-coastal, inland, and anthropogenic systems. The primary purpose of this classification is to provide integrated and organized information on the distribution and diversity of Colombian wetlands that will serve as a baseline for transparent environmental policy-making. © 2019, Society of Wetland Scientists.Ítem An evaluation of human interventions in the anthropogenically disturbed Caribbean Coast of Colombia(Elsevier Ltd, 2019-01-01) Pereira C.I.; Madrid D.A.; Correa I.D.; Pranzini E.; Botero C.M.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarAlthough human interventions have influenced many coastal areas around the world, research has rarely assessed the environmental impacts of these anthropogenic perturbations. To understand the dominant coastal interventions in countries with tropical areas, this study established a baseline along the continental Caribbean coast of Colombia (approximates 1700 km), based on 29 types of human interventions cataloged via Google Earth images. In total, of the 2742 human interventions identified, the most common were low-density-settlements (n = 971), groins (n = 738), and luxury settlements with piers (n = 188). In addition, the study assessed the environmental impact of each type of intervention based on the extent, intensity, reversibility, and persistence of their effect on coastal processes, as well as their frequency of appearance in the study area. The three most impactful types of human intervention were equivalent to those with the highest frequency: a. Low-density settlements; b. Groins/Jetties; c. Luxury settlements with a pier. In addition, the highest values of environmental impact correspond to material extractions and infrastructure assets such as breakwaters and seawalls. None of these anthropogenic disturbances, however, were within the ten most impactful interventions identified in the study area. The socio-natural patterns of coastal development identified by this study can steer integrated environmental management in coastal tropical countries with rapid economic growth, diversity of human interventions and heterogeneous geographical distribution. © 2019 Elsevier LtdÍtem Introducción al problema de la erosión litoral en urabá (sector arboletes-turbo) costa caribe colombiana(Instituto de Ivestigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR, 2004-01-01) Correa I.D.; Vernette G.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarShoreline retreat has been the net dominant historical trend along the 145 km-length littoral between Arboletes and Turbo (Southern Caribbean of Colombia). For the last four decades, there were identified in this littoral shoreline retreats of about 50-100m in several places (Uveros, Damaquiel, Zapata, Turbo) and a maximun of 1.6 km in the Punta Rey-Arboletes area, where land losses were of 4.5 km2, at exceptional rates of 40m/year. The synthesis of the available information suggest that the general "susceptibility" to erosion between Arboletes and Turbo could be related primarily to relative sea level rise, associated to tectonic movements as well as to the effects of mud diapirism and hydroisostacy. In the more critical areas (Arboletes, Turbo), the natural erosive trends were accelerated by anthropic actions, including river diversion (Turbo), beach mining, and inadequate (or total absense) practices for controlling residual and natural waters. Up to August 2000, there were invested about $ Col 10.000 billions in 155 engineering defences (groins, sea walls and rip-rap which totalize 6.2 km of total length and a volume of materials of 37.000 m3). With few exceptions, groins have not been successful and are now part of the problem, accelerating shore erosion along the adyacent sectors. In the short term, the littoral erosion between Arboletes and Turbo is caused both by marine and by subaerial factors. It is facilitated by the poor lithological strengths of cliffs and marine terraces, mainly composed of highly fractured and weathered claystones and mudstones (with stratification and weakeness planes dipping toward sea) and nonconsolidated, easily liquefacted, fine sediments; both conditions facilitate the occurrence of rocks falls, slides and mud flows that result in high figures of cliff retreat (3 to 4m), specially during the first 15 days of the summer-winter transition (April) and in high waves periods. The case of the littoral erosion between Arboletes and Turbo illustrates well how the natural erosive trends of an area can be accelerated by human interventions and the urgent need for coordinating efforts to cope with littoral land losses.Ítem Soft-Cliff Retreat in a Tropical Coast: The Minuto de Dios Sector, Caribbean Coast of Colombia(COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION, 2018-01-01) Paniagua-Arroyave J.F.; Correa I.D.; Anfuso G.; Adams P.N.; Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Geología; Ciencias del MarProjections for the year 2100 predict a global mean sea level 1 m above pre-industrial levels that will likely exacerbate coastal impacts worldwide and especially along vulnerable coastlines of developing countries. Recent studies have predicted a future shoreline retreat linked to the expected acceleration in global sea level rise along the soft-cliffs of Minuto de Dios on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. This study discusses previous results by arguing that an accurate quantification of relative sea level rise was not implemented and cliff retreat predictions are therefore not feasible. Future cliff-top positions and future sediment release were instead calculated by assuming that the historical retreat rate will remain unchanged. Mean end-point retreat between 1938 and 2010 was 1.7±0.4 m/year, which would produce between 2010 and 2060 a shoreline recession of 85 m with a cumulative release of 530,000 m3 of sediment (for a 1 km of 6 m cliffs). The projected coastal retreat is expected to produce significant impacts to local infrastructure, including the loss of approximately 100 urban constructions. In addition, the 2060 coastline would be located ca. 50 m from the main road that connects Arboletes with the city of Montería. As discussed in this study, climate change-driven sea level rise will likely augment coastal hazards, but with limited data in the region, predictive modeling of future impacts remains speculative. This issue highlights the need for local stakeholders to dedicate resources to further observations. Such efforts will improve predictions, helping inform policy makers to implement successful local coastal management solutions. © Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Inc. 2018.Ítem The Historical, Geomorphological Evolution of the Colombian Littoral Zones ( Eighteenth Century to present)(Springer, 2019-01-01) Correa I.D.; Lopez, Juan E. C.The complex geological framework of Colombia is reflected on its Caribbean and Pacific coasts by the highly contrasting nature of their littoral types, ranging from low-relief deltaic barrier islands and mangrove swamps to steep-rocky reliefs cut by plungÍtem The historical, geomorphological evolution of the Colombian littoral zones (Eighteenth Century to Present)(Springer Verlag, 2019-01-01) Correa I.D.; Pereira C.I.The complex geological framework of Colombia is reflected on its Caribbean and Pacific coasts by the highly contrasting nature of their littoral types, ranging from low-relief deltaic barrier islands and mangrove swamps to steep-rocky reliefs cut by plunging cliffs and wide erosional shore platforms. Relative sea-level changes during the Quaternary and the Holocene are evidenced by morphological features of ancient coastline positions, including emerged marine terraces with coral reefs, cliffs, stacks, and raised beach ridges deposits. An overview of the historical evolution of the Colombian littorals since the end of the eighteenth century evidences a high morphological instability indicated by coastline changes of hundreds of meters and corresponding land losses or gains of tens of km2. These evolutions reflect noticeable variations in the littoral’s sediment budgets, much of them triggered or greatly influenced by human actions. Along the 1700 km-length, micro-tidal Caribbean shores, critical areas are found between the Magdalena delta and the Urabá Gulf, a developed, highly tectonic coastal fringe influenced by mud diapirism and by man-induced changes on its hydrological and sedimentological regimes. Along the meso-macro tidal, 1300 km-length, less populated and engineered Pacific coast (but highly intervened by deforestation and mining), most critical cases are shown by the breaching of its major barrier islands, due to natural factors including coseismic subsidence, tsunamis, and positive sea-level anomalies during El Niño events. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.