Maestría en Matemáticas Aplicadas (tesis)

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Algunos elementos para el análisis de datos espaciales : teoría y aplicación
(Universidad EAFIT, 2008-06) Acevedo Bohórquez, Ingrid; Gómez Álvarez, Natalia María; Velásquez Ceballos, Hermilson
Spatial econometrics is a discipline that utilizes a series of techniques and tools of statistics, algebra, and calculus. Its aim is to evaluate the presence of spatial effects in scenarios of economical and social phenomena and to formulate models that take such effects into account. In order to do so, we identify spatial effects present among the data, such as spatial dependence, spatial autocorrelation, spatial heterogeneity and spatial heteroscedasticity. Exploratory analysis of spatial data proposes that we use adaptations of several traditional graphics that ease the identification of spatial effects. Such graphics that allow discovering patterns between spatial data are box maps, histograms, Moran's maps and scatterplots, frequency maps and histograms. A crucial part of this analysis is the identification of clusters which reveals the form of the concentration of spatial units with similar values for the variable under study. So that the results of the exploratory analysis of spatial data lead to trusty conclusions it is necessary that the employed sample techniques hold some accurate characteristics of region definition. To achieve this, we have to use specific criteria according to the objectives of the underlying study